BET Bromodomain Protein Degraders with Cleavable Linkers

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides compounds represented by Formula (I): Formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4 , Y, ═, Ar, W, L, and B are as defined as set forth in the specification. The present disclosure also provides compounds of Formula (I)I for use to treat a condition or disorder responsive to inhibition and/or degradation of BET bromodomains such as cancer.

STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENTAL INTEREST

This invention was made with government support under CA215758 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present disclosure provides BET bromodomain protein inhibitors and degraders and therapeutic methods of treating conditions and diseases wherein inhibition and/or degradation of one or more BET bromodomains provides a benefit.

Background

The genomes of eukaryotic organisms are highly organized within the nucleus of the cell. The long strands of duplex DNA are wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins (usually comprising two copies of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) to form a nucleosome, which then is further compressed to form a highly condensed chromatin structure. A range of different condensation states are possible, and the tightness of this structure varies during the cell cycle. The chromatin structure plays a critical role in regulating gene transcription, which cannot occur efficiently from highly condensed chromatin. The chromatin structure is controlled by a series of post translational modifications to histone proteins, notably histones H3 and H4. These modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, and SUMOylation.

Histone acetylation usually is associated with the activation of gene transcription, as the modification loosens the interaction of the DNA and the histone octamer by changing the electrostatics. In addition to this physical change, specific proteins bind to acetylated lysine residues within histones to read the epigenetic code. Bromodomains are small (about 110 amino acid) distinct domains within proteins that bind to acetylated lysine resides commonly, but not exclusively, in the context of histones. There is a family of about 50 proteins known to contain bromodomains, which have a range of functions within the cell.

The BET family of bromodomain-containing proteins (“BET bromodomains” or “BET bromodomain proteins”) includes four proteins, i.e., BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRD-t, which contain tandem bromodomains capable of binding to two acetylated lysine residues in close proximity, thereby increasing the specificity of the interaction. BRD2 and BRD3 associate with histones along actively transcribed genes and may be involved in facilitating transcriptional elongation, while BRD4 may be involved in the recruitment of the pTEF-3 complex to inducible genes, resulting in phosphorylation of RNA polymerase and increased transcriptional output. BRD4 or BRD3 also may fuse with NUT (nuclear protein in testis) forming novel fusion oncogenes, BRD4-NUT or BRD3-NUT, in a highly malignant form of epithelial neoplasia. Data suggests that BRD-NUT fusion proteins contribute to carcinogenesis. BRD-t is uniquely expressed in the testes and ovary. All family members have been reported to have some function in controlling or executing aspects of the cell cycle, and have been shown to remain in complex with chromosomes during cell division, which suggests a role in the maintenance of epigenetic memory. In addition, some viruses make use of these proteins to tether their genomes to the host cell chromatin as part of the process of viral replication.

A discussion of BET proteins can be found in WO 2012/075456, WO 2012/075383, and WO 2011/054864. A discussion of BET bromodomain inhibitors, e.g., I-BET-151 and I-BET-762, can be found in Delmore et al., Cell 146:904-917 (2011) and Seal et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22:2968-2972 (2012).

Small molecule inhibitors of BET bromodomains have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases and conditions in which BET bromodomains have a role, including cancer. BET bromodomain inhibitors are disclosed in the following U.S. patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,044,042, 8,476,260, 8,114,995, 8,557,984, and 8,580,957; the following U.S. patent application publications: US 20120059002, US 20120208800, US 2012202799, US 2012252781, US 20130252331, US 20140011862, US 20130184264, US 2013079335, US 20140011862, US 20140005169, US 20130331382, US 20130281450, US 20130281399, US 20120157428, US 20100286127, US 20140256706, and US 2015/0246923; and the following international applications: WO 1998011111, WO 2006129623, WO 2008092231, WO 2009084693, WO 2009158404, WO 2010123975, WO 2011054843, WO 2011054844, WO 2011054845, WO 2011054846, WO 2011054848, WO 2011143651, WO 2011143660, WO 2011143669, WO 2011161031, WO 2012075383, WO 2012116170, WO 2012151512, WO 2012174487, WO 2013024104, WO 2013027168, WO 2013030150, WO 2013033268, WO 2013097601, and WO 2014164596.

Phthalimide-based drugs, e.g., thalidomide or lenalidomide, bind to protein-degradation machinery, e.g., cereblon (CRBN; part of an ubiquitin E3 ligase complex). This may promote the recruitment of two transcription factors (IKZF1 and IKZF3) that are essential to disease progression, resulting in drug-induced ubiquitylation and degradation by the proteasome. See, e.g., Ito et al., Science 327:1345-1350 (2010) and Winter et al., Science 348:1376-1381 (2015).

A high-affinity VHL ligand, see Bondeson et al., Nat. Chem. Biol. 11:611-617 (2015), may recruit a target protein to an E3 ubiquitin ligase, resulting in drug induced ubiquitination and degradation. See, e.g., van Hagen et al., Nucleic Acids Research 38: 1922-1931 (2010); Buckley et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134:4465-4468 (2012); Buckley et al., Angew, Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51:11463-11467 (2012); Lipkowitz and Weissman, Nat Rev Cancer 11:629-643 (2011); and Zengerle et al., ACS Chem. Biol. 10:1770-1777 (2015).

There is an ongoing need for new agents, e.g., small molecules, for treating and/or preventing cancer and other diseases responsive to deregulation, e.g., inhibition, of BET bromodomain activity and/or degradation of BET bromodomain proteins.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, below, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, collectively referred to as “Compounds of the Disclosure.” Compounds of the Disclosure are BET bromodomain protein inhibitors and/or degraders and thus are useful in treating or preventing diseases or conditions wherein inhibition and/or degradation of BET bromodomains, e.g., BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, BRD-t, or an isoform or mutant thereof, provides a benefit.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds represented by Formula XX, XXI, XXI-A, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXXIII, below, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, collectively referred to as “Intermediates of the Disclosure.” Intermediates of the Disclosure are synthetic intermediates used to prepare BET bromodomain protein degraders. Intermediates of the Disclosure may also inhibit BET bromodomain proteins and thus are useful in treating or preventing diseases or conditions wherein inhibition of BET bromodomains provides a benefit. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, Intermediates of the Disclosure may also be formed by cleavage of the —C(═O)—O— group following administration of a Compound of the Disclosure to a patient.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of treating or preventing a condition or disease by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure to an individual, e.g., a human, in need thereof. The disease or condition of interest is treatable or preventable by inhibition and/or degradation of BET bromodomain proteins, for example, a cancer, a chronic autoimmune disorder, an inflammatory condition, a proliferative disorder, sepsis, or a viral infection. Also provided are methods of preventing the proliferation of unwanted proliferating cells, such as in cancer, in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure to a subject at risk of developing a condition characterized by unwanted proliferating cells. In some embodiments, the Compounds of the Disclosure reduce the proliferation of unwanted cells by inducing apoptosis in those cells.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of treating a patient having cancer, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure to the patient in need thereof, wherein cells of the patient contain a biomarker, e.g., overexpression of MCL1, overexpression of BCL-X_(L), or co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of reducing BET bromodomain protein within a cell of an individual in need thereof, the method comprising administering a Compound of the Disclosure to the individual.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of degrading BET bromodomain proteins in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount a Compound of the Disclosure.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting BET bromodomain proteins in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure and an excipient and/or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure and an excipient and/or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for use treating or preventing diseases or conditions wherein degradation of BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit, e.g., cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising: (a) a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure; (b) a second therapeutically active agent; and (c) optionally an excipient and/or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure for use in treatment or prevention of a disease or condition of interest, e.g., cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or condition of interest, e.g., cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure, and, optionally, a packaged composition comprising a second therapeutic agent useful in the treatment of a disease or condition of interest, and a package insert containing directions for use in the treatment of a disease or condition, e.g., cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preparing Compounds of the Disclosure.

Additional embodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth, in part, in the description that follows, and will flow from the description, or can be learned by practice of the disclosure. The embodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing summary and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration showing the pharmacodynamic effect of Cpd. No. 15 in RS4;11 tumor tissue in mice.

FIG. 2 is an illustration showing the pharmacodynamic effect of Cpd. No. 16 in RS4;11 tumor tissue in mice.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Compounds of the Disclosure inhibit and/or degrade BET bromodomain proteins. The -L- group of these compounds represents a linker that is susceptible to in vitro and/or in vivo acid-induced cleavage, photo-induced cleavage, peptidase-induced cleavage, esterase-induced cleavage, and/or other mechanisms of cleavage (a “cleavable linker”) thereby facilitating release of a BET bromodomain protein inhibitor, e.g., an Intermediate of the Disclosure, and a E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor. Some cleavable linkers are cleaved by esterases (“esterase cleavable linkers”) present inside or outside of cells.

In one embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula I:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl;

R^(2a) and R^(2b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, —CH₂C(═O)OR¹⁸, and —CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b); or

R^(2a) and R^(2b) together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl;

is a single bond, R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; and Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and —NR¹⁰—; or

-   -   is a double bond, R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting         of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted         5- to 14-membered heteroaryl; R^(3b) is absent; and Y is —N═;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₄ alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₄ alkynyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, —NR^(6a)R^(6b), —OR⁷, —SR^(8a), —S(═O)R^(8b), —S(═O)₂R^(8c), —C(═O)R⁹, (heteroaryl)alkyl, and alkoxyalkyl;

R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, and carboxamido; or

R^(6a) and R^(6b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 4- to 8-membered heterocyclo;

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, and carboxamido;

R^(8a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl;

R^(8b) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl;

R^(sc) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and amino;

R⁹ selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, alkoxy, and amino;

R¹⁰ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, (C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl)C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, (alkoxycarbonyl)alkyl, —C(═O)R¹¹, —SO₂R¹², —C(═O)—OR¹³, and —C(═O)—NR^(14a)R^(14b);

R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl;

R¹² is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl;

R¹³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl;

R^(14a) and R^(14b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl; or

R^(14a) and R^(14b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 4- to 8-membered heterocyclo;

is a fused thienyl or fused phenyl group, wherein the fused phenyl group is additionally substituted with R⁵;

R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, and alkoxy;

B is a monovalent radical of a ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein, e.g., B is:

L is -L -E-L²-X—, wherein L¹ is attached to W;

E is —C(═O)—O—;

L¹ is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl and heteroalkylenyl;

L² is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl and heteroalkylenyl; or

L² is absent;

W is selected from the group consisting of phenylenyl, 5-membered heteroarylenyl, 6-membered heteroarylenyl, heterocyclenyl, and cycloalkylenyl;

X is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(R^(2c))—, —C(═O)N(R^(2d))—, —N(R^(2e))C(═O)CH₂O—, —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2g))—, and

or

X is absent;

wherein the carboxamide nitrogen atom of —N(R^(2e))C(═O)CH₂O— and —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2g))—, the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2d))—, and the piperidine nitrogen atom of

is attached to L²;

with the proviso that when L² is absent, X is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —O—;

R^(2c), R^(2d), R^(2e), R^(2f), and R^(2g) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

Z is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂ and —C(═O)—;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and fluoro;

A¹ is selected from the group consisting of —C(R^(16a))═ and —N═;

A² is selected from the group consisting of —C(R^(16b))═ and —N═;

A³ is selected from the group consisting of —C(R^(16c))═ and —N═;

R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C₁₋₄ alkyl;

R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₆ alkyl; and

R^(19a) and R^(19b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and optionally substituted aryl; or

R^(19a) and R^(19b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo.

Unless indicated otherwise, the divalent radicals recited in the disclosure can be coupled to the rest of the molecule in either direction. For example, the —C(═O)— group of E can be attached to L¹ to give -L¹-C(═O)—O-L²-X—, or the —C(═O)— group of E can be attached to L² to give -L¹-O—C(═O)-L²-X—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula II:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, Y,

, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula II-A:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R⁴, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula II-B:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R⁴, R¹⁰, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula II-C:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R⁴, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula II-D

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R⁴, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula III:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula V:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula VIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-VIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is aralkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-VIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-VIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, R^(2a) is methyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula IX:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula X:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, or IX-XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, R⁴ is methyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, or IX-XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkyl and —CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b). In another embodiment, R^(2a) is methyl. In another embodiment, R^(2a) is CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b); and R^(19a) and R^(19b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, or IX-XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, R^(3a) is optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl. In another embodiment, R^(3a) is optionally substituted phenyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹ is methyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein E is —C(═O)—O—, wherein the —C(═O)— group is attached to L¹.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIV, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein E is —C(═O)—O—, wherein the —C(═O)— group is attached to L².

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(17a) and R^(17b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄-alkyl, haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and halo; and L¹, L², X, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XVI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is C₁₋₄ alkyl; R^(17a) and R^(17b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and halo; and L¹, L², X, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XVII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is C₁₋₄ alkyl; R^(17a) and R^(17b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and halo; and L¹, L², X, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XVIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkyl and —CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b); R^(17c) and R^(17d) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and halo; R^(19a) and R^(19b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo; and L¹, L², X, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XIX:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkyl and —CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b); R^(17c) and R^(17d) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and halo; R^(19a) and R^(19b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo; and L¹, L², X, and B are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XVIII or Formula XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is methyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XVIII or Formula XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein L¹ is alkylenyl. In another embodiment, L¹ is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, and —CH₂CH₂CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein L² is alkylenyl. In another embodiment, L² is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, and —CH₂CH₂CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein L² is heteroalkylenyl. In other embodiment, L² is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂—, —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂—, —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—, and —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(H)—,

In another embodiment, X is —C≡C—. In another embodiment, X is —CH₂—. In another embodiment, X is —O—. In another embodiment, X is —N(H)—. In another embodiment, X is

In another embodiment, X is

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-1. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═ and R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A³ is —C(R^(16c))═ and R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A¹ is —N═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —N═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and A³ is —N═. In another embodiment, Z— is —CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z is —C(═O)—. In another embodiment, R⁵ is hydrogen. In another embodiment, B-1 is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-2.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-3.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-4. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═ and R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A³ is —C(R^(16c))═ and R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A¹ is —N═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —N═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and A³ is —N═. In another embodiment, Z is —CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z is —C(═O)—. In another embodiment, R⁵ is hydrogen. In another embodiment, B-4 is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-5. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═ and R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A³ is —C(R^(16c))═ and R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A¹ is —N═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —N═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and A³ is —N═. In another embodiment, Z is —CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z is —C(═O)—. In another embodiment, R⁵ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-6. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═ and R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A³ is —C(R^(16c))═ and R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A¹ is —N═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —N═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and A³ is —N═. In another embodiment, Z is —CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z is —C(═O)—. In another embodiment, R⁵ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-7. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═ and R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A³ is —C(R^(16c))═ and R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A¹ is —N═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —N═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and A³ is —N═. In another embodiment, Z is —CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z is —C(═O)—. In another embodiment, R⁵ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-8. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═ and R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A³ is —C(R^(16c))═ and R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo. In another embodiment, A¹ is —N═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —N═, and A³ is —C(R^(16c))═. In another embodiment, A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═, A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and A³ is —N═. In another embodiment, Z is —CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z is —C(═O)—. In another embodiment, R⁵ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-9.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-10.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-11.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-12.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I, II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIX, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, wherein B is B-13.

Compounds of the Disclosure may be prepared from Intermediates of the Disclosure. Compounds of the Disclosure may also be metabolized in vivo to give Intermediates of the Disclosure. For example, the ester group of a compound having Formula I, wherein the —C(═O)— group of E is attached to L¹, may be cleaved following administration to a patient to give metabolites having Formula XX, wherein R²⁰ is —CO₂H, and Formula XXXIX. See Scheme 1. Likewise, the ester group of a compound having Formula I, wherein the —C(═O)— group of E is attached to L², may be cleaved following administration to a patient to give metabolites having Formula XX, wherein R²⁰ is —OH, and Formula XL. See Scheme 2.

In one embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XX:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R²⁰ is selected from the group consisting of —OH and —CO₂R²¹; R²¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl; and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, Y, =, Ar, W, and L¹ are as described in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b), R⁴, Y,

, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXI-A:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R⁴, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXI-B:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R⁴, R¹⁰, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXI-C:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R⁴, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXI-D

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R⁴, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXIV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXVI

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXVII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is aralkyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae I XX, XXI, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXVII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, R^(2a) is methyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXVIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXIX:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXX:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, W, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXXI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXXII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by Formula XXXIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, L¹, and R²⁰ are as defined in connection with Formula XX.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-A, or XXVIII-XXXIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, R⁴ is methyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-A, or XXVIII-XXXIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkyl and —CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b). In another embodiment, R^(2a) is methyl. In another embodiment, R^(2a) is CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b); and R^(19a) and R^(19b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-A, or XXVIII-XXXIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, R^(3a) is optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl. In another embodiment, R^(3a) is optionally substituted phenyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-A, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXXIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹ is methyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-A, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXXIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein L¹ is alkylenyl.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-A, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXXIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein L¹ is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, and —CH₂CH₂CH₂—.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-A, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXXIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R²⁰ is —OH.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds represented by any one of Formulae XX, XXI, XXI-A, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXXIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R²⁰ is —CO₂H.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds of Table 1, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

In another embodiment, Intermediates of the Disclosure are compounds of Table 1A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof

TABLE 1 Cpd. No. Structure Name  1

3-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2- (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H- thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate  2

2-(3-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1- yl)propoxy)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2- oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate  3

3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-(4-(((S)-4-(4- chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate  4

3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-(4-(((S)-4-(4- chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- f][1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate  5

3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)oxy)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate  6

2-(2-(2-((3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)prop-2-yn-1- yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4- chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H- thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate  7

3-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2- oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate  8

3-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate  9

3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)oxy)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2- oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate 10

2-(2-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4- (4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2- (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H- thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate 11

2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethyl 4- (4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H- thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate 12

2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethyl 4- (4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2- (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H- thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate 13

2-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2- oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate 14

2-(2-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4- chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H- thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate 15

3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)oxy)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate 16

4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)but-3-yn-1-yl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate 17

3-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl 3-(2-(2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4- yl)propanoate 18

3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)amino)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate 19

3-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl 5-(2-(2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4- yl)pentanoate 20

3-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl 4-(2-(2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4- yl)butanoate 21

3-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl 4-(2-(2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)but-3- ynoate 22

2-(2-(2-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4- yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-((3- benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate 23

(3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)oxy)propoxy)methyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9- methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate 24

3-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3- dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl 4-(4- ((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate 25

3-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate 26

2-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate 27

2-(2-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9- methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate 28

4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)but-3-yn-1-yl 3-(3-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)propanoate 29

4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)butyl 3-(3-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propanoate 30

3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)amino)propyl 3-(3-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)propanoate 31

2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl 5-(2-(2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)pent- 4-ynoate 32

2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl 5-(2-(2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4- yl)pentanoate 33

2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl 5-(2-(2,6- dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)pent- 4-ynoate 34

4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)butyl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate 35

4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)butyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate 36

3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate 37

3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)oxy)propyl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)acetate 38

3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)propyl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate 39

3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)acetate 40

4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)but-3-yn-1-yl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)acetate 41

3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin- 4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoate 42

2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1- oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethyl 4- (5-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)pyridin-2-yl)butanoate 43

2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3- dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl 4-(5- ((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)pyridin-2-yl)butanoate 44

2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3- dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl 4-(4- ((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2- yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate

TABLE 1A Cpd. No. Structure Name 45

(S)-2-(4-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid 46

(S)-4-(4-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2- f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1- yl)butanoic acid 47

(S)-4-(4-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2- oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2- f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoic acid 48

3-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol 49

3-(3-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propanoic acid 50

2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol 51

2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid 52

4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H- thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoic acid 53

4-(5-((3-benzyl-9-methyl- 4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin- 2-yl)ethynyl)pyridin-2- yl)butanoic acid

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods of making a compound having Formula I, wherein L is -L¹-C(═O)—O-L²-X—, the method comprising:

(1) reacting, e.g., coupling, a compound having Formula XX, wherein R²⁰ is —CO₂H, with a compound having Formula XXXIX

HO-L²-X-B XXXIX, and

(2) isolating the compound having Formula I.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods of making a compound having Formula II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIV, wherein L is -L¹-C(═O)—O-L²-X—, the method comprising:

(1) reacting, e.g., coupling, a compound having Formulae XXI, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXXIII, respectively, wherein R²⁰ is —CO₂H, with a compound having Formula XXXIX:

HO-L²-X-B  XXXIX, and

(2) isolating the compound having Formula II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIV.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods of making a compound having Formula I, wherein L is -L¹-O—C(═O)-L²-X—, the method comprising:

(1) reacting, e.g., coupling, a compound having Formula XX, wherein R²⁰ is —OH, with a compound having Formula XL:

HO₂C-L²-X—B  XL, and

(2) isolating the compound having Formula I.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods of making a compound having Formula II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIV, wherein L is -L¹-O—C(═O)-L²-X—, the method comprising:

(1) reacting, e.g., coupling, a compound having Formula XXI, XXI-B, XXI-C, XXI-D, or XXII-XXXIII, respectively, wherein R²⁰ is —OH, with a compound having Formula XL:

HO₂C-L²-X-B  XL, and

(2) isolating the compound having Formula II, II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D, or III-XIV.

Compounds of the Disclosure inhibit and/or degrade BET bromodomain proteins and are useful in the treatment or prevention of a variety of diseases and conditions. In particular, Compounds of the Disclosure are useful in methods of treating or preventing a disease or condition wherein degradation BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit, for example, cancers and proliferative diseases. The therapeutic methods of this disclosure comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to an individual in need thereof. The present methods also encompass administering a second therapeutic agent to the individual in addition to the Compound of the Disclosure. The second therapeutic agent is selected from drugs known as useful in treating the disease or condition afflicting the individual in need thereof, e.g., a chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation known as useful in treating a particular cancer. In one embodiment, the second therapeutic agent is a MCL-1 inhibitor. In another embodiment, the second therapeutic agent is a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor, e.g., ABT-199 (venetoclax).

Salts, hydrates, and solvates of the Compounds of the Disclosure can also be used in the methods disclosed herein. The present disclosure further includes all possible stereoisomers and geometric isomers of Compounds of the Disclosure to include both racemic compounds and optically active isomers. When a Compound of the Disclosure is desired as a single enantiomer, it can be obtained either by resolution of the final product or by stereospecific synthesis from either isomerically pure starting material or use of a chiral auxiliary reagent, for example, see Z. Ma et al., Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 8(6), pages 883-888 (1997). Resolution of the final product, an intermediate, or a starting material can be achieved by any suitable method known in the art. Additionally, in situations where tautomers of the Compounds of the Disclosure are possible, the present disclosure is intended to include all tautomeric forms of the compounds.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of salts of Compounds of the Disclosure. As used herein, the pharmaceutical “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salts or zwitterionic forms of Compounds of the Disclosure. Salts of Compounds of the Disclosure can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or separately by reacting the compound with an acid having a suitable cation. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Compounds of the Disclosure can be acid addition salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptable acids. Examples of acids which can be employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acids such as nitric, boric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, and phosphoric, and organic acids such as oxalic, maleic, succinic, and citric. Nonlimiting examples of salts of compounds of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, bisulfate, 2-hydroxyethansulfonate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, glycerolphsphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, formate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, ascorbate, isethionate, salicylate, methanesulfonate, mesitylenesulfonate, naphthylenesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylproprionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, phosphate, glutamate, bicarbonate, paratoluenesulfonate, undecanoate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, gluconate, methanesulfonate, ethanedisulfonate, benzene sulfonate, and p-toluenesulfonate salts. In addition, available amino groups present in the compounds of the disclosure can be quaternized with methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates; decyl, lauryl, myristyl, and steryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; and benzyl and phenethyl bromides. In light of the foregoing, any reference Compounds of the Disclosure appearing herein is intended to include compounds of Compounds of the Disclosure as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or solvates thereof.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of solvates of Compounds of the Disclosure. Solvates typically do not significantly alter the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds, and as such may function as pharmacological equivalents. The term “solvate” as used herein is a combination, physical association and/or solvation of a compound of the present disclosure with a solvent molecule such as, e.g. a disolvate, monosolvate or hemisolvate, where the ratio of solvent molecule to compound of the present disclosure is about 2:1, about 1:1 or about 1:2, respectively. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances, the solvate can be isolated, such as when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated into the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid. Thus, “solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Compounds of the Disclosure can be present as solvated forms with a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, such as water, methanol, and ethanol, and it is intended that the disclosure includes both solvated and unsolvated forms of Compounds of the Disclosure. One type of solvate is a hydrate. A “hydrate” relates to a particular subgroup of solvates where the solvent molecule is water. Solvates typically can function as pharmacological equivalents. Preparation of solvates is known in the art. See, for example, M. Caira et al, J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 93(3):601-611 (2004), which describes the preparation of solvates of fluconazole with ethyl acetate and with water. Similar preparation of solvates, hemisolvates, hydrates, and the like are described by van Tonder et al., AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech., 5(1):Article 12 (2004), and A. L. Bingham et al., Chem. Commun. 603-604 (2001). A typical, non-limiting, process of preparing a solvate would involve dissolving a Compound of the Disclosure in a desired solvent (organic, water, or a mixture thereof) at temperatures above 20° C. to about 25° C., then cooling the solution at a rate sufficient to form crystals, and isolating the crystals by known methods, e.g., filtration. Analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy can be used to confirm the presence of the solvent in a crystal of the solvate.

The present disclosure provides Compounds of the Disclosure and Intermediates of the Disclosure as BET bromodomain protein inhibitors and/or degraders for the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions wherein inhibition and/or degradation of BET bromodomain proteins has a beneficial effect. Compounds of the Disclosure typically have a binding affinity (IC₅₀) to BET bromodomains of less than 100 μM, e.g., less than 50 μM, less than 25 μM, and less than 5 μM, less than about 1 μM, less than about 0.5 μM, or less than about 0.1 μM. In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of treating an individual suffering from a disease or condition wherein degradation of BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to an individual in need thereof.

Since Compounds of the Disclosure are degraders of one or more BET bromodomain proteins, and Intermediates of the Disclosure are inhibitors of one or more BET bromodomain proteins, a number of diseases and conditions mediated by BET bromodomain proteins can be treated by employing these compounds. The present disclosure is thus directed generally to a method for treating a condition or disorder responsive to degradation of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, BRD-t, or an isoform or mutant thereof, in an animal, e.g., a human, suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, the condition or disorder, the method comprising administering to the animal an effective amount of one or more Compounds of the Disclosure. In one embodiment, the condition or disorder is responsive to degradation of BRD4.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of degrading BET bromodomain proteins in an animal in need thereof, said method comprising administering to the animal an effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of inhibiting BET bromodomain proteins in an animal in need thereof, said method comprising administering to the animal an effective amount of at least one Intermediate of the Disclosure.

The methods of the present disclosure can be accomplished by administering a Compound of the Disclosure or Intermediate of the Disclosure as the neat compound or as a pharmaceutical composition. Administration of a pharmaceutical composition, or neat compound of a Compound of the Disclosure, can be performed during or after the onset of the disease or condition of interest. Typically, the pharmaceutical compositions are sterile, and contain no toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic compounds that would cause an adverse reaction when administered.

Further provided are kits comprising a Compound of the Disclosure or Intermediate of the Disclosure and, optionally, a second therapeutic agent useful in the treatment of diseases and conditions wherein degradation of BET bromodomains provides a benefit, packaged separately or together, and an insert having instructions for using these active agents.

In one embodiment, a Compound of the Disclosure is administered in conjunction with a second therapeutic agent useful in the treatment of a disease or condition wherein degradation of BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit. The second therapeutic agent is different from the Compound of the Disclosure. A Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent can be administered simultaneously or sequentially to achieve the desired effect. In addition, the Compound of the Disclosure and second therapeutic agent can be administered from a single composition or two separate compositions.

The second therapeutic agent is administered in an amount to provide its desired therapeutic effect. The effective dosage range for each second therapeutic agent is known in the art, and the second therapeutic agent is administered to an individual in need thereof within such established ranges.

A Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent can be administered together as a single-unit dose or separately as multi-unit doses, wherein the Compound of the Disclosure is administered before the second therapeutic agent or vice versa. One or more doses of the Compound of the Disclosure and/or one or more dose of the second therapeutic agent can be administered. The Compound of the Disclosure therefore can be used in conjunction with one or more second therapeutic agents, for example, but not limited to, anticancer agents.

Diseases and conditions treatable by the methods of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, cancer and other proliferative disorders, inflammatory diseases, sepsis, autoimmune disease, and viral infection. In one embodiment, a human patient is treated with a Compound of the Disclosure, Intermediate of the Disclosure, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure, or pharmaceutical composition comprising an Intermediate of the Disclosure wherein the compound is administered in an amount sufficient to inhibit or degrade BET bromodomain proteins in the patient.

In one embodiment, the disease to be treated or prevented by the Compound of the Disclosure or the Intermediate of the disclosure is cancer. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure to the subject. While not being limited to a specific mechanism, in some embodiments, Compounds of the Disclosure can treat or prevent cancer by degrading BET bromodomain proteins and, in some embodiments, Intermediates of the Disclosure can treat or prevent cancer by inhibiting BET bromodomain proteins. Examples of treatable cancers include, but are not limited to, any one or more of the cancers of Table 2.

TABLE 2 adrenal cancer acinic cell carcinoma acoustic neuroma acral lentigious melanoma acrospiroma acute eosinophilic leukemia acute erythroid leukemia acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute megakaryoblastic leukemia acute monocytic leukemia acute promyelocytic leukemia adenocarcinoma adenoid cystic carcinoma adenoma adenomatoid odontogenic tumor adenosquamous carcinoma adipose tissue neoplasm adrenocortical carcinoma adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma aggressive NK-cell leukemia AIDS-related lymphoma alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma alveolar soft part sarcoma ameloblastic fibroma anaplastic large cell lymphoma anaplastic thyroid cancer angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, angiomyolipoma angiosarcoma astrocytoma atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia B-cell lymphoma basal cell carcinoma biliary tract cancer bladder cancer blastoma bone cancer Brenner tumor Brown tumor Burkitt's lymphoma breast cancer brain cancer carcinoma carcinoma in situ carcinosarcoma cartilage tumor cementoma myeloid sarcoma chondroma chordoma choriocarcinoma choroid plexus papilloma clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney craniopharyngioma cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cervical cancer colorectal cancer Degos disease desmoplastic small round cell tumor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, dysgerminoma embryonal carcinoma endocrine gland neoplasm endodermal sinus tumor enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma esophageal cancer fetus in fetu fibroma fibrosarcoma follicular lymphoma follicular thyroid cancer ganglioneuroma gastrointestinal cancer germ cell tumor gestational choriocarcinoma giant cell fibroblastoma giant cell tumor of the bone glial tumor glioblastoma multiforme glioma gliomatosis cerebri glucagonoma gonadoblastoma granulosa cell tumor gynandroblastoma gallbladder cancer gastric cancer hairy cell leukemia hemangioblastoma head and neck cancer hemangiopericytoma hematological malignancy hepatoblastoma hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma non-Hodgkin's lymphoma invasive lobular carcinoma intestinal cancer kidney cancer laryngeal cancer lentigo maligna lethal midline carcinoma leukemia leydig cell tumor liposarcoma lung cancer lymphangioma lymphangiosarcoma lymphoepithelioma lymphoma acute lymphocytic leukemia acute myelogeous leukemia chronic lymphocytic leukemia liver cancer small cell lung cancer non-small cell lung cancer MALT lymphoma malignant fibrous histiocytoma malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor malignant triton tumor mantle cell lymphoma marginal zone B-cell lymphoma mast cell leukemia mediastinal germ cell tumor medullary carcinoma of the breast medullary thyroid cancer, medulloblastoma melanoma, meningioma, merkel cell cancer mesothelioma metastatic urothelial carcinoma mixed Mullerian tumor mucinous tumor multiple myeloma muscle tissue neoplasm mycosis fungoides myxoid liposarcoma myxoma myxosarcoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma neurinoma neuroblastoma neurofibroma neuroma nodular melanoma ocular cancer oligoastrocytoma oligodendroglioma oncocytoma optic nerve sheath meningioma optic nerve tumor oral cancer osteosarcoma ovarian cancer Pancoast tumor papillary thyroid cancer paraganglioma pinealoblastoma pineocytoma pituicytoma pituitary adenoma pituitary tumor plasmacytoma polyembryoma precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma primary central nervous system lymphoma primary effusion lymphoma preimary peritoneal cancer prostate cancer pancreatic cancer pharyngeal cancer pseudomyxoma periotonei renal cell carcinoma renal medullary carcinoma retinoblastoma rhabdomyoma rhabdomyosarcoma Richter's transformation rectal cancer sarcoma Schwannomatosis seminoma Sertoli cell tumor sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor signet ring cell carcinoma skin cancer small blue round cell tumors small cell carcinoma soft tissue sarcoma somatostatinoma soot wart spinal tumor splenic marginal zone lymphoma squamous cell carcinoma synovial sarcoma Sezary's disease small intestine cancer squamous carcinoma stomach cancer T-cell lymphoma testicular cancer thecoma thyroid cancer transitional cell carcinoma throat cancer urachal cancer urogenital cancer urothelial carcinoma uveal melanoma uterine cancer verrucous carcinoma visual pathway glioma vulvar cancer vaginal cancer Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia Warthin's tumor Wilms' tumor

In another embodiment, the cancer is a leukemia, for example a leukemia selected from acute monocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mixed lineage leukemia (MLL). In another embodiment the cancer is NUT-midline carcinoma. In another embodiment the cancer is multiple myeloma. In another embodiment the cancer is a lung cancer such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In another embodiment the cancer is a neuroblastoma. In another embodiment the cancer is Burkitt's lymphoma. In another embodiment the cancer is cervical cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is esophageal cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is ovarian cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is colorectal cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is prostate cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is breast cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a benign proliferative disorder, such as, but are not limited to, benign soft tissue tumors, bone tumors, brain and spinal tumors, eyelid and orbital tumors, granuloma, lipoma, meningioma, multiple endocrine neoplasia, nasal polyps, pituitary tumors, prolactinoma, pseudotumor cerebri, seborrheic keratoses, stomach polyps, thyroid nodules, cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, hemangiomas, vocal cord nodules, polyps, and cysts, Castleman disease, chronic pilonidal disease, dermatofibroma, pilar cyst, pyogenic granuloma, and juvenile polyposis syndrome.

Compounds of the Disclosure can also treat infectious and noninfectious inflammatory events and autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases by administration of an effective amount of a present compound to a mammal, in particular a human in need of such treatment. Examples of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, disorders, and syndromes treated using the compounds and methods described herein include inflammatory pelvic disease, urethritis, skin sunburn, sinusitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, nephritis, osteomyelitis, myositis, hepatitis, gastritis, enteritis, dermatitis, gingivitis, appendicitis, pancreatitis, cholocystitus, agammaglobulinemia, psoriasis, allergy, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's disease, tissue graft rejection, hyperacute rejection of transplanted organs, asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune polyglandular disease (also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome), autoimmune alopecia, pernicious anemia, glomerulonephritis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, autoimmune hemolytic and thrombocytopenic states, Goodpasture's syndrome, atherosclerosis, Addison's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Type I diabetes, septic shock, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, atopic dermatitis, degenerative joint disease, vitiligo, autoimmune hypopituatarism, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Behcet's disease, scleracierma, mycosis fungoides, acute inflammatory responses (such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and ischemia/reperfusion injury), and Graves' disease.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of treating systemic inflammatory response syndromes, such as LPS-induced endotoxic shock and/or bacteria-induced sepsis by administration of an effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a mammal, in particular a human in need of such treatment.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for treating viral infections and diseases. Examples of viral infections and diseases treated using the compounds and methods described herein include episome-based DNA viruses including, but not limited to, human papillomavirus, Herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides therapeutic method of modulating protein methylation, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and/or apoptosis in vivo in diseases mentioned above, in particular cancer, inflammatory disease, and/or viral disease is provided by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a subject in need of such therapy.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of regulating endogenous or heterologous promoter activity by contacting a cell with a Compound of the Disclosure.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides procedures of personalized medicine for patients having cancer, e.g., triple-negative breast cancer (“TNBC’), leukemia, castration-resistant prostate cancer (“CRPC”), and encompasses the selection of treatment options with the highest likelihood of successful outcome for individual cancer patients. In another aspect, the disclosure relates to the use of an assay(s) to predict the treatment outcome, e.g., the likelihood of favorable responses or treatment success, in patients having cancer such as TNBC, leukemia, or CRPC.

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods of selecting a patient, e.g., human subject, for treatment of cancer with a Compound of the Disclosure, comprising obtaining a biological sample, e.g., blood cells, from the patient, testing a biological sample from the patient for the presence of a biomarker, and selecting the patient for treatment if the biological sample contains the biomarker. In another embodiment, the methods further comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to the patient if the biological sample contains the biomarker. Examples of biomarkers include, but are not limited to, overexpression of MCL-1, overexpression of BCL-X_(L), and co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods predicting treatment outcomes in a patient having cancer, e.g., TNBC, leukemia, or CRPC, comprising obtaining a biological sample from the patient, testing the biological sample from the patient for the presence of a biomarker, e.g., overexpression of MCL-1, overexpression of BCL-X_(L), and co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L), wherein the detection of the biomarker indicates the patient will respond favorably to administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure. Favorable responses include, but are not limited to, hematologic responses, e.g., normalization of blood counts in the patient—white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets (detectable by simple blood tests); cytogenetic responses, e.g., reduction or disappearance of the number of Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells in the patient (detectable by standard laboratory methods) and/or molecular responses, e.g., reduction or disappearance in quantities of the abnormal BCR-ABL protein in the patient (detectable by PCR assays).

In another embodiment, the disclosure provides methods treating cancer, e.g., TNBC, leukemia, or CRPC, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a patient, e.g., a human subject, with cancer in whom the patient's cells contain a biomarker, e.g., overexpression of MCL-1, overexpression of BCL-X_(L), and co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L). In one embodiment, the patient is selected for treatment with a Compound of the Disclosure after the patient's cells have been determined to contain a biomarker.

In another embodiment, the method of treating a patient having cancer comprises obtaining a biological sample from the patient, determining whether the biological sample contains co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L), and administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount a Compound of the Disclosure, if the biological sample contains co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L). In another embodiment, the method further comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a MCL-1 inhibitor, a therapeutically effective amount of a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor, or a therapeutically effective amount of both a MCL-1 inhibitor and BCL-X_(L) inhibitor.

The term “biomarker” as used herein refers to any biological compound, such as a protein, a fragment of a protein, a peptide, a polypeptide, a nucleic acid, etc. that can be detected and/or quantified in a patient in vivo or in a biological sample obtained from a patient. Furthermore, a biomarker can be the entire intact molecule, or it can be a portion or fragment thereof. In one embodiment, the expression level of the biomarker is measured. The expression level of the biomarker can be measured, for example, by detecting the protein or RNA (e.g., mRNA) level of the biomarker. In some embodiments, portions or fragments of biomarkers can be detected or measured, for example, by an antibody or other specific binding agent. In some embodiments, a measurable aspect of the biomarker is associated with a given state of the patient, such as a particular stage of cancer. For biomarkers that are detected at the protein or RNA level, such measurable aspects may include, for example, the presence, absence, or concentration (i.e., expression level) of the biomarker in a patient, or biological sample obtained from the patient. For biomarkers that are detected at the nucleic acid level, such measurable aspects may include, for example, allelic versions of the biomarker or type, rate, and/or degree of mutation of the biomarker, also referred to herein as mutation status.

For biomarkers that are detected based on expression level of protein or RNA, expression level measured between different phenotypic statuses can be considered different, for example, if the mean or median expression level of the biomarker in the different groups is calculated to be statistically significant. Common tests for statistical significance include, among others, t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Significance Analysis of Microarrays, odds ratio, etc. Biomarkers, alone or in combination, provide measures of relative likelihood that a subject belongs to one phenotypic status or another. Therefore, they are useful, inter alia, as markers for disease and as indicators that particular therapeutic treatment regimens will likely result in beneficial patient outcomes.

In one embodiment, the biomarker is MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L). In another embodiment, the measurable aspect of the MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L) is overexpression status, e.g., co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

Thus, in certain aspects of the disclosure, the biomarker is MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L) which is differentially present in a subject of one phenotypic status (e.g., a patient having cancer, e.g., TNBC, with co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L)) as compared with another phenotypic status (e.g., a normal undiseased patient or a patient having cancer without mutation-bearing cells).

In addition to individual biological compounds, e.g., MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), the term “biomarker” as used herein is meant to include groups or sets of multiple biological compounds. For example, the combination of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L) may comprise a biomarker. Thus, a “biomarker” may comprise one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, fifteen, twenty, twenty five, thirty, or more, biological compounds.

The determination of the expression level or mutation status of a biomarker in a patient can be performed using any of the many methods known in the art. Any method known in the art for quantitating specific proteins and/or detecting MCL-1 and/or BCL-X_(L) overexpression in a patient or a biological sample may be used in the methods of the disclosure. Examples include, but are not limited to, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), or RT-PCR, Northern blot, Western blot, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), RIA (radioimmunoassay), gene chip analysis of RNA expression, immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence (See, e.g., Slagle et al. Cancer 83:1401 (1998)). Certain embodiments of the disclosure include methods wherein biomarker RNA expression (transcription) is determined. Other embodiments of the disclosure include methods wherein protein expression in the biological sample is determined. See, for example, Harlow et al., Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1988) and Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York 3rd Edition, (1995). For northern blot or RT-PCR analysis, RNA is isolated from the tumor tissue sample using RNAse free techniques. Such techniques are commonly known in the art.

When quantified in a patient in vivo, the expression level of proteins such as MCL-1 or variants thereof may be determined by administering an antibody that binds specifically to MCL-1 (See, e.g., U.S. Published Appl. No. 2006/0127945) and determining the extent of binding. The antibody may be detectably labeled, e.g., with a radioisotope such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15, and fluorine-18. The label may then be detected by positron emission tomography (PET).

In one embodiment of the disclosure, a biological sample is obtained from the patient and cells in the biopsy are assayed for determination of biomarker expression or mutation status.

In one embodiment of the disclosure, PET imaging is used to determine biomarker expression.

In another embodiment of the disclosure, Northern blot analysis of biomarker transcription in a tumor cell sample is performed. Northern analysis is a standard method for detection and/or quantitation of mRNA levels in a sample. Initially, RNA is isolated from a sample to be assayed using Northern blot analysis. In the analysis, the RNA samples are first separated by size via electrophoresis in an agarose gel under denaturing conditions. The RNA is then transferred to a membrane, crosslinked and hybridized with a labeled probe. Typically, Northern hybridization involves polymerizing radiolabeled or nonisotopically labeled DNA, in vitro, or generation of oligonucleotides as hybridization probes. Typically, the membrane holding the RNA sample is prehybridized or blocked prior to probe hybridization to prevent the probe from coating the membrane and, thus, to reduce non-specific background signal. After hybridization, typically, unhybridized probe is removed by washing in several changes of buffer. Stringency of the wash and hybridization conditions can be designed, selected and implemented by any practitioner of ordinary skill in the art. Detection is accomplished using detectably labeled probes and a suitable detection method. Radiolabeled and non-radiolabled probes and their use are well known in the art. The presence and or relative levels of expression of the biomarker being assayed can be quantified using, for example, densitometry.

In another embodiment of the disclosure, biomarker expression and/or mutation status is determined using RT-PCR. RT-PCR allows detection of the progress of a PCR amplification of a target gene in real time. Design of the primers and probes required to detect expression and/or mutation status of a biomarker of the disclosure is within the skill of a practitioner of ordinary skill in the art. RT-PCR can be used to determine the level of RNA encoding a biomarker of the disclosure in a tumor tissue sample. In an embodiment of the disclosure, RNA from the biological sample is isolated, under RNAse free conditions, than converted to DNA by treatment with reverse transcriptase. Methods for reverse transcriptase conversion of RNA to DNA are well known in the art. A description of PCR is provided in the following references: Mullis et al., Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 51:263 (1986); EP 50,424; EP 84,796; EP 258,017; EP 237,362; EP 201,184; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,202; 4,582,788; 4,683,194.

RT-PCR probes depend on the 5′-3′ nuclease activity of the DNA polymerase used for PCR to hydrolyze an oligonucleotide that is hybridized to the target amplicon (biomarker gene). RT-PCR probes are oligonucleotides that have a fluorescent reporter dye attached to the 5′ end and a quencher moiety coupled to the 3′ end (or vice versa). These probes are designed to hybridize to an internal region of a PCR product. In the unhybridized state, the proximity of the fluor and the quench molecules prevents the detection of fluorescent signal from the probe. During PCR amplification, when the polymerase replicates a template on which an RT-PCR probe is bound, the 5′-3′ nuclease activity of the polymerase cleaves the probe. This decouples the fluorescent and quenching dyes and FRET no longer occurs. Thus, fluorescence increases in each cycle, in a manner proportional to the amount of probe cleavage. Fluorescence signal emitted from the reaction can be measured or followed over time using equipment which is commercially available using routine and conventional techniques.

In still another embodiment of the disclosure, expression of proteins encoded by biomarkers are detected by western blot analysis. A western blot (also known as an immunoblot) is a method for protein detection in a given sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate denatured proteins by mass. The proteins are then transferred out of the gel and onto a membrane (e.g., nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)), where they are detected using a primary antibody that specifically bind to the protein. The bound antibody can then detected by a secondary antibody that is conjugated with a detectable label (e.g., biotin, horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase). Detection of the secondary label signal indicates the presence of the protein.

In still another embodiment of the disclosure, the expression of a protein encoded by a biomarker is detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In one embodiment of the disclosure, “sandwich ELISA” comprises coating a plate with a capture antibody; adding sample wherein any antigen present binds to the capture antibody; adding a detecting antibody which also binds the antigen; adding an enzyme-linked secondary antibody which binds to detecting antibody; and adding substrate which is converted by an enzyme on the secondary antibody to a detectable form. Detection of the signal from the secondary antibody indicates presence of the biomarker antigen protein.

In still another embodiment of the disclosure, the expression of a biomarker is evaluated by use of a gene chip or microarray. Such techniques are within ordinary skill held in the art.

The term “biological sample” as used herein refers any tissue or fluid from a patient that is suitable for detecting a biomarker, such as MCL-1 and/or BCL-X_(L) expression status. Examples of useful biological samples include, but are not limited to, biopsied tissues and/or cells, e.g., solid tumor, lymph gland, inflamed tissue, tissue and/or cells involved in a condition or disease, blood, plasma, serous fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, urine, lymph, cerebral spinal fluid, and the like. Other suitable biological samples will be familiar to those of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. A biological sample can be analyzed for biomarker expression and/or mutation using any technique known in the art and can be obtained using techniques that are well within the scope of ordinary knowledge of a clinical practitioner. In one embodiment of the disclosure, the biological sample comprises blood cells.

The present disclosure provides the following particular embodiments with respect to personalized medicine for patients having cancer:

Embodiment I

A method of treating a patient having cancer, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure to the patient, wherein cells of the patient contain a biomarker, and the biomarker is overexpression of MCL-1, overexpression of BCL-X_(L), or co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

Embodiment II

A method of treating a patient having cancer, the method comprising:

(a) determining the expression level of MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L), in a biological sample from the patient, and when the expression level is determined to be higher than that of a control sample, e.g., a sample from a normal undiseased patient or a patient having cancer without overexpression of MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-XL,

(b) administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure.

Embodiment III

A method for treating a cancer that overexpresses MCL-1, BCL-X_(L), or MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L), in a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure.

Embodiment IV

The method of any one of Embodiments I-III, wherein at least one additional anticancer agent is administered to the patient.

Embodiment V

The method of Embodiment IV, wherein the at least one additional anticancer agent is a BCL-X_(L) inhibitor, e.g., ABT-199.

Embodiment V

The method of Embodiment IV, wherein the at least one additional anticancer is agent a MCL-1 inhibitor.

Embodiment VI

A method of treating a human patient having TNBC, the method comprising:

(a) obtaining a biological sample from the patient;

(b) determining whether to biological sample co-overexpresses MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L); and

(c) administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure if the biological sample indicates co-overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-X_(L).

In methods of the present disclosure, a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure, typically formulated in accordance with pharmaceutical practice, is administered to a human being in need thereof. Whether such a treatment is indicated depends on the individual case and is subject to medical assessment (diagnosis) that takes into consideration signs, symptoms, and/or malfunctions that are present, the risks of developing particular signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions, and other factors.

A Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure can be administered by any suitable route, for example by oral, buccal, inhalation, sublingual, rectal, vaginal, intracisternal or intrathecal through lumbar puncture, transurethral, nasal, percutaneous, i.e., transdermal, or parenteral (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracoronary, intradermal, intramammary, intraperitoneal, intraarticular, intrathecal, retrobulbar, intrapulmonary injection and/or surgical implantation at a particular site) administration. Parenteral administration can be accomplished using a needle and syringe or using a high pressure technique.

Pharmaceutical compositions include those wherein a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure is administered in an effective amount to achieve its intended purpose. The exact formulation, route of administration, and dosage is determined by an individual physician in view of the diagnosed condition or disease. Dosage amount and interval can be adjusted individually to provide levels of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure that is sufficient to maintain therapeutic effects.

Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the Compounds of the Disclosure and Intermediates of the Disclosure can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a compound, which defines as the highest dose that causes no toxicity in animals. The dose ratio between the maximum tolerated dose and therapeutic effects (e.g. inhibiting of tumor growth) is the therapeutic index. The dosage can vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed, and the route of administration utilized. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is well within the capability of those skilled in the art, especially in light of the detailed disclosure provided herein.

A therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure required for use in therapy varies with the nature of the condition being treated, the length of time that activity is desired, and the age and the condition of the patient, and ultimately is determined by the attendant physician. Dosage amounts and intervals can be adjusted individually to provide plasma levels of the BET bromodomain protein degrader that are sufficient to maintain the desired therapeutic effects. The desired dose conveniently can be administered in a single dose, or as multiple doses administered at appropriate intervals, for example as one, two, three, four or more subdoses per day. Multiple doses often are desired, or required. For example, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered at a frequency of: four doses delivered as one dose per day at four-day intervals (q4d×4); four doses delivered as one dose per day at three-day intervals (q3d×4); one dose delivered per day at five-day intervals (qd×5); one dose per week for three weeks (qwk3); five daily doses, with two days rest, and another five daily doses (5/2/5); or, any dose regimen determined to be appropriate for the circumstance.

A Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure used in a method of the present disclosure can be administered in an amount of about 0.005 to about 500 milligrams per dose, about 0.05 to about 250 milligrams per dose, or about 0.5 to about 100 milligrams per dose. For example, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered, per dose, in an amount of about 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or 500 milligrams, including all doses between 0.005 and 500 milligrams.

The dosage of a composition containing a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure, or a composition containing the same, can be from about 1 ng/kg to about 200 mg/kg, about 1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, or about 1 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg. The dosage of a composition can be at any dosage including, but not limited to, about 1 μg/kg. The dosage of a composition may be at any dosage including, but not limited to, about 1 μg/kg, about 10 μg/kg, about 25 μg/kg, about 50 μg/kg, about 75 μg/kg, about 100 μg/kg, about 125 μg/kg, about 150 μg/kg, about 175 μg/kg, about 200 μg/kg, about 225 μg/kg, about 250 μg/kg, about 275 μg/kg, about 300 μg/kg, about 325 μg/kg, about 350 μg/kg, about 375 μg/kg, about 400 μg/kg, about 425 μg/kg, about 450 μg/kg, about 475 μg/kg, about 500 μg/kg, about 525 μg/kg, about 550 μg/kg, about 575 μg/kg, about 600 μg/kg, about 625 μg/kg, about 650 μg/kg, about 675 μg/kg, about 700 μg/kg, about 725 μg/kg, about 750 μg/kg, about 775 μg/kg, about 800 μg/kg, about 825 μg/kg, about 850 μg/kg, about 875 μg/kg, about 900 μg/kg, about 925 μg/kg, about 950 μg/kg, about 975 μg/kg, about 1 mg/kg, about 5 mg/kg, about 10 mg/kg, about 15 mg/kg, about 20 mg/kg, about 25 mg/kg, about 30 mg/kg, about 35 mg/kg, about 40 mg/kg, about 45 mg/kg, about 50 mg/kg, about 60 mg/kg, about 70 mg/kg, about 80 mg/kg, about 90 mg/kg, about 100 mg/kg, about 125 mg/kg, about 150 mg/kg, about 175 mg/kg, about 200 mg/kg, or more. The above dosages are exemplary of the average case, but there can be individual instances in which higher or lower dosages are merited, and such are within the scope of this disclosure. In practice, the physician determines the actual dosing regimen that is most suitable for an individual patient, which can vary with the age, weight, and response of the particular patient.

As stated above, a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure can be administered in combination with a second therapeutically active agent. In some embodiments, the second therapeutic agent is an epigenetic drug. As used herein, the term “epigenetic drug” refers to a therapeutic agent that targets an epigenetic regulator. Examples of epigenetic regulators include the histone lysine methyltransferases, histone arginine methyl transferases, histone demethylases, histone deacetylases, histone acetylases, and DNA methyltransferases. Histone deacetylase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, vorinostat.

In another embodiment, chemotherapeutic agents or other anti-proliferative agents can be combined with Compound of the Disclosure to treat proliferative diseases and cancer. Examples of therapies and anticancer agents that can be used in combination with Compounds of the Disclosure include surgery, radiotherapy (e.g., gamma-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, and systemic radioactive isotopes), endocrine therapy, a biologic response modifier (e.g., an interferon, an interleukin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), hyperthermia and cryotherapy, an agent to attenuate any adverse effect (e.g., an antiemetic), and any other approved chemotherapeutic drug.

Examples of antiproliferative compounds include, but are not limited to, an aromatase inhibitor; an anti-estrogen; an anti-androgen; a gonadorelin agonist; a topoisomerase I inhibitor; a topoisomerase II inhibitor; a microtubule active agent; an alkylating agent; a retinoid, a carontenoid, or a tocopherol; a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; an MMP inhibitor; an mTOR inhibitor; an antimetabolite; a platin compound; a methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor; a bisphosphonate; an antiproliferative antibody; a heparanase inhibitor; an inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms; a telomerase inhibitor; a proteasome inhibitor; a compound used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies; a Flt-3 inhibitor; an Hsp90 inhibitor; a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor; a MEK inhibitor; an antitumor antibiotic; a nitrosourea; a compound targeting/decreasing protein or lipid kinase activity, a compound targeting/decreasing protein or lipid phosphatase activity, or any further anti-angiogenic compound.

Nonlimiting exemplary aromatase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, steroids, such as atamestane, exemestane, and formestane, and non-steroids, such as aminoglutethimide, roglethimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane, testolactone, ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole, and letrozole.

Nonlimiting anti-estrogens include, but are not limited to, tamoxifen, fulvestrant, raloxifene, and raloxifene hydrochloride. Anti-androgens include, but are not limited to, bicalutamide. Gonadorelin agonists include, but are not limited to, abarelix, goserelin, and goserelin acetate.

Exemplary topoisomerase I inhibitors include, but are not limited to, topotecan, gimatecan, irinotecan, camptothecin and its analogues, 9-nitrocamptothecin, and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate PNU-166148. Topoisomerase II inhibitors include, but are not limited to, anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, and nemorubicin; anthraquinones, such as mitoxantrone and losoxantrone; and podophillotoxines, such as etoposide and teniposide.

Microtubule active agents include microtubule stabilizing, microtubule destabilizing compounds, and microtubulin polymerization inhibitors including, but not limited to, taxanes, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel; vinca alkaloids, such as vinblastine, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine, and vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine; discodermolides; cochicine and epothilones and derivatives thereof.

Exemplary nonlimiting alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, and nitrosoureas, such as carmustine and lomustine.

Exemplary nonlimiting cyclooxygenase inhibitors include Cox-2 inhibitors, 5-alkyl substituted 2-arylaminophenylacetic acid and derivatives, such as celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib, or a 5-alkyl-2-arylaminophenylacetic acid, such as lumiracoxib.

Exemplary nonlimiting matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (“MMP inhibitors”) include collagen peptidomimetic and nonpeptidomimetic inhibitors, tetracycline derivatives, batimastat, marimastat, prinomastat, metastat, BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211, MMI270B, and AAJ996.

Exemplary nonlimiting mTOR inhibitors include compounds that inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and possess antiproliferative activity such as sirolimus, everolimus, CCI-779, and ABT578.

Exemplary nonlimiting antimetabolites include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine, gemcitabine, DNA demethylating compounds, such as 5-azacytidine and decitabine, methotrexate and edatrexate, and folic acid antagonists, such as pemetrexed.

Exemplary nonlimiting platin compounds include carboplatin, cis-platin, cisplatinum, and oxaliplatin.

Exemplary nonlimiting methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors include bengamide or a derivative thereof and PPI-2458.

Exemplary nonlimiting bisphosphonates include etridonic acid, clodronic acid, tiludronic acid, pamidronic acid, alendronic acid, ibandronic acid, risedronic acid, and zoledronic acid.

Exemplary nonlimiting antiproliferative antibodies include trastuzumab, trastuzumab-DM1, cetuximab, bevacizumab, rituximab, PR064553, and 2C4. The term “antibody” includes intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from at least two intact antibodies, and antibody fragments, so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.

Exemplary nonlimiting heparanase inhibitors include compounds that target, decrease, or inhibit heparin sulfate degradation, such as PI-88 and OGT2115.

The term “an inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms,” such as H-Ras, K-Ras, or N-Ras, as used herein refers to a compound which targets, decreases, or inhibits the oncogenic activity of Ras, for example, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, such as L-744832, DK8G557, tipifarnib, and lonafarnib.

Exemplary nonlimiting telomerase inhibitors include compounds that target, decrease, or inhibit the activity of telomerase, such as compounds that inhibit the telomerase receptor, such as telomestatin.

Exemplary nonlimiting proteasome inhibitors include compounds that target, decrease, or inhibit the activity of the proteasome including, but not limited to, bortezomid.

The phrase “compounds used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies” as used herein includes FMS-like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R); interferon, I-β-D-arabinofuransylcytosine (ara-c), and bisulfan; and ALK inhibitors, which are compounds which target, decrease, or inhibit anaplastic lymphoma kinase.

Exemplary nonlimiting Flt-3 inhibitors include PKC412, midostaurin, a staurosporine derivative, SU11248, and MLN518.

Exemplary nonlimiting HSP90 inhibitors include compounds targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90; or degrading, targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the HSP90 client proteins via the ubiquitin proteosome pathway. Compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90 are especially compounds, proteins, or antibodies that inhibit the ATPase activity of HSP90, such as 17-allylamino,17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), a geldanamycin derivative; other geldanamycin related compounds; radicicol and HDAC inhibitors.

The phrase “a compound targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity; or a protein or lipid phosphatase activity; or any further anti-angiogenic compound” as used herein includes a protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinase inhibitor or lipid kinase inhibitor, such as a) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the platelet- derived growth factor-receptors (PDGFR), such as a compound that targets, decreases, or inhibits the activity of PDGFR, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivatives, such as imatinib, SU101, SU6668, and GFB-111; b) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the fibroblast growth factor-receptors (FGFR); c) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR), such as a compound that targets, decreases, or inhibits the activity of IGF-IR; d) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the Trk receptor tyrosine kinase family, or ephrin B4 inhibitors; e) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase family; f) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase; g) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the Kit/SCFR receptor tyrosine kinase, such as imatinib; h) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinases, such as imatinib; i) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of members of the c-Abl family, their gene-fusion products (e.g. Bcr-Abl kinase) and mutants, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, such as imatinib or nilotinib; PD180970; AG957; NSC 680410; PD173955; or dasatinib; j) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family of serine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK, PDK1, PKB/Akt, and Ras/MAPK family members, and/or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK), such as a staurosporine derivative disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,330, such as midostaurin; examples of further compounds include UCN-01, safingol, BAY 43-9006, bryostatin 1, perifosine; ilmofosine; RO 318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; Isis 3521; LY333531/LY379196; a isochinoline compound; a farnesyl transferase inhibitor; PD184352 or QAN697, or AT7519; k) a compound targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of a protein-tyrosine kinase, such as imatinib mesylate or a tyrphostin, such as Tyrphostin A23/RG-50810; AG 99; Tyrphostin AG 213; Tyrphostin AG 1748; Tyrphostin AG 490; Tyrphostin B44; Tyrphostin B44 (+) enantiomer; Tyrphostin AG 555; AG 494; Tyrphostin AG 556, AG957 and adaphostin (4-{[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino}-benzoic acid adamantyl ester; NSC 680410, adaphostin); 1) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo- or heterodimers) and their mutants, such as CP 358774, ZD 1839, ZM 105180; trastuzumab, cetuximab, gefitinib, erlotinib, OSI-774, C1-1033, EKB-569, GW-2016, antibodies E1.1, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.11, E6.3 and E7.6.3, and 7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives; and m) a compound targeting, decreasing, or inhibiting the activity of the c-Met receptor.

Exemplary compounds that target, decrease, or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase include inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, or CDC25, such as okadaic acid or a derivative thereof.

Further anti-angiogenic compounds include compounds having another mechanism for their activity unrelated to protein or lipid kinase inhibition, e.g., thalidomide and TNP-470.

Additional, nonlimiting, exemplary chemotherapeutic compounds, one or more of which may be used in combination with a present BET bromodomain degrader, include: daunorubicin, adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, teniposide, mitoxantrone, idarubicin, carboplatinum, PKC412,6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), fludarabine phosphate, octreotide, SOM230, FTY720, 6-thioguanine, cladribine, 6-mercaptopurine, pentostatin, hydroxyurea, 2-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione derivatives, 1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, 1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine succinate, angiostatin, endostatin, anthranilic acid amides, ZD4190, ZD6474, SU5416, SU6668, bevacizumab, rhuMAb, rhuFab, macugon; FLT-4 inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors, VEGFR-2 IgGI antibody, RPI 4610, bevacizumab, porfimer sodium, anecortave, triamcinolone, hydrocortisone, 11-a-epihydrocotisol, cortex olone, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone, testosterone, estrone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone, a plant alkaloid, a hormonal compound and/or antagonist, a biological response modifier, such as a lymphokine or interferon, an antisense oligonucleotide or oligonucleotide derivative, shRNA, and siRNA.

Other examples of second therapeutic agents, one or more of which a present BET bromodomain degrader also can be combined, include, but are not limited to: a treatment for Alzheimer's Disease, such as donepezil and rivastigmine; a treatment for Parkinson's Disease, such as L-DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone, ropinrole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexephendyl, and amantadine; an agent for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) such as beta interferon (e.g., AVONEX® and REBIF®), glatiramer acetate, and mitoxantrone; a treatment for asthma, such as albuterol and montelukast; an agent for treating schizophrenia, such as zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel, and haloperidol; an anti-inflammatory agent, such as a corticosteroid, a TNF blocker, IL-1 RA, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine; an immunomodulatory agent, including immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, an interferon, a corticosteroid, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and sulfasalazine; a neurotrophic factor, such as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, an MAO inhibitor, an interferon, an anti-convulsant, an ion channel blocker, riluzole, or an anti-Parkinson's agent; an agent for treating cardiovascular disease, such as a beta-blocker, an ACE inhibitor, a diuretic, a nitrate, a calcium channel blocker, or a statin; an agent for treating liver disease, such as a corticosteroid, cholestyramine, an interferon, and an anti-viral agent; an agent for treating blood disorders, such as a corticosteroid, an anti-leukemic agent, or a growth factor; or an agent for treating immunodeficiency disorders, such as gamma globulin.

The above-mentioned second therapeutically active agents, one or more of which can be used in combination with a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure, are prepared and administered as described in the art.

Compounds of the Disclosure and Intermediates of the Disclosure typically are administered in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier selected with regard to the intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in accordance with the present disclosure are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and/or auxiliaries that facilitate processing of Compound of the Disclosure or the Intermediate of the Disclosure.

These pharmaceutical compositions can be manufactured, for example, by conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping, or lyophilizing processes. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. When a therapeutically effective amount of the Compound of the Disclosure is administered orally, the composition typically is in the form of a tablet, capsule, powder, solution, or elixir. When administered in tablet form, the composition additionally can contain a solid carrier, such as a gelatin or an adjuvant. The tablet, capsule, and powder contain about 0.01% to about 95%, and preferably from about 1% to about 50%, of a Compound of the Disclosure. When administered in liquid form, a liquid carrier, such as water, petroleum, or oils of animal or plant origin, can be added. The liquid form of the composition can further contain physiological saline solution, dextrose or other saccharide solutions, or glycols. When administered in liquid form, the composition contains about 0.1% to about 90%, and preferably about 1% to about 50%, by weight, of a Compound of the Disclosure.

When a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure or an Intermediate of the Disclosure is administered by intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection, the composition is in the form of a pyrogen-free, parenterally acceptable aqueous solution. The preparation of such parenterally acceptable solutions, having due regard to pH, isotonicity, stability, and the like, is within the skill in the art. A preferred composition for intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection typically contains, an isotonic vehicle.

Compounds of the Disclosure and Intermediates of the Disclosure can be readily combined with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers well-known in the art. In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, is provided. Standard pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 19th ed. 1995. Such carriers enable the active agents to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a patient to be treated. Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained by adding the Compound of the Disclosure to a solid excipient, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores. Suitable excipients include, for example, fillers and cellulose preparations. If desired, disintegrating agents can be added.

Compounds of the Disclosure and Intermediates of the Disclosure can be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion. Formulations for injection can be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampules or in multidose containers, with an added preservative. The compositions can take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and can contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing, and/or dispersing agents.

Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active agent in water-soluble form. Additionally, suspensions of a Compound of the Disclosure can be prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils or synthetic fatty acid esters. Aqueous injection suspensions can contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension. Optionally, the suspension also can contain suitable stabilizers or agents that increase the solubility of the compounds and allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions. Alternatively, a present composition can be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.

Compounds of the Disclosure also can be formulated in rectal compositions, such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases. In addition to the formulations described previously, the Compound of the Disclosure also can be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long-acting formulations can be administered by implantation (for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, the Compound of the Disclosure can be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example, as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins.

In particular, the Compounds of the Disclosure and Intermediates of the Disclosure can be administered orally, buccally, or sublingually in the form of tablets containing excipients, such as starch or lactose, or in capsules or ovules, either alone or in admixture with excipients, or in the form of elixirs or suspensions containing flavoring or coloring agents. Such liquid preparations can be prepared with pharmaceutically acceptable additives, such as suspending agents. Compounds of the Disclosure and Intermediates of the Disclosure also can be injected parenterally, for example, intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intracoronarily. For parenteral administration, the Compound of the Disclosure or Intermediate of the Disclosure are typically used in the form of a sterile aqueous solution which can contain other substances, for example, salts or monosaccharides, such as mannitol or glucose, to make the solution isotonic with blood.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides kits which comprise a Compound of the Disclosure (or a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure) or an Intermediate of the Disclosure (or a composition comprising an Intermediate of the Disclosure) packaged in a manner that facilitates their use to practice methods of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the kit includes a Compound of the Disclosure (or a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure) packaged in a container, such as a sealed bottle or vessel, with a label affixed to the container or included in the kit that describes use of the compound or composition to practice the method of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the compound or composition is packaged in a unit dosage form. The kit further can include a device suitable for administering the composition according to the intended route of administration.

The term “BET bromodomain” or “BET bromodomain protein” or “BET” as used herein means one or more of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRD-t, or an isoform or mutant thereof.

A “monovalent radical of a ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein” is derived from the removal of a hydrogen or other suitable atom, e.g., Br, I, or group, e.g., —OH, from a parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. The removal of a hydrogen atom or other suitable atom or group facilitates the linkage of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand to a BET bromodomain inhibitor to give a heterobifunctional compound having Formula I. In one embodiment, a hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —NH₂ group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, a hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —OH group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, a hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —N(H)— group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, a hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —CH₃, —CH₂—, —CH=group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, the hydrogen atom is removed from any suitable —OH group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. In another embodiment, a Br or I atom is removed from any suitable aryl or heteroaryl group of the parent E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand. Exemplary non-limiting monovalent radicals of E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligands include:

A “ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein” or “parent ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein” or “E3 ubiquitin ligase protein ligand” refers to a compound that binds, e.g., inhibits, an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein, including the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL). Ligands for E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Exemplary non-limiting ligands for an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein include phthalimide-based drugs such as thalidomide.

The term “a disease or condition wherein degradation of BET bromodomain proteins provides a benefit” pertains to a disease or condition in which at least one of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRD-t, and/or an action of at least one of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRD-t, is important or necessary, e.g., for the onset, progress, expression of that disease or condition, or a disease or a condition which is known to be treated by a BET bromodomain inhibitor or degrader. Examples of such conditions include, but are not limited to, a cancer, a chronic autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disease, a proliferative disease, sepsis, and a viral infection. One of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to determine whether a compound treats a disease or condition mediated by a BET bromodomain for any particular cell type, for example, by assays which conveniently can be used to assess the activity of particular compounds.

The term “second therapeutic agent” refers to a therapeutic agent different from a Compound of the Disclosure and that is known to treat the disease or condition of interest. For example when a cancer is the disease or condition of interest, the second therapeutic agent can be a known chemotherapeutic drug, like taxol, or radiation, for example.

The term “disease” or “condition” denotes disturbances and/or anomalies that as a rule are regarded as being pathological conditions or functions, and that can manifest themselves in the form of particular signs, symptoms, and/or malfunctions. As demonstrated below, Compounds of the Disclosure are degraders of BET bromodomain proteins and can be used in treating or preventing diseases and conditions wherein degradation of BET bromodomains provides a benefit.

As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treating,” “treatment,” and the like refer to eliminating, reducing, or ameliorating a disease or condition, and/or symptoms associated therewith. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be completely eliminated. The term “treat” and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a subject in need of such treatment. The treatment can be orientated symptomatically, for example, to suppress symptoms. It can be effected over a short period, be oriented over a medium term, or can be a long-term treatment, for example within the context of a maintenance therapy.

As used herein, the terms “prevent,” “preventing,” and “prevention” refer to a method of preventing the onset of a disease or condition and/or its attendant symptoms or barring a subject from acquiring a disease. As used herein, “prevent,” “preventing,” and “prevention” also include delaying the onset of a disease and/or its attendant symptoms and reducing a subject's risk of acquiring a disease. The terms “prevent,” “preventing” and “prevention” may include “prophylactic treatment,” which refers to reducing the probability of redeveloping a disease or condition, or of a recurrence of a previously-controlled disease or condition, in a subject who does not have, but is at risk of or is susceptible to, redeveloping a disease or condition or a recurrence of the disease or condition.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective dose” as used herein refers to an amount of the active ingredient(s) that is(are) sufficient, when administered by a method of the disclosure, to efficaciously deliver the active ingredient(s) for the treatment of condition or disease of interest to an individual in need thereof. In the case of a cancer or other proliferation disorder, the therapeutically effective amount of the agent may reduce (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) unwanted cellular proliferation; reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; reduce BET bromodomain signaling in the target cells; and/or relieve, to some extent, one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. To the extent the administered compound or composition prevents growth and/or kills existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic.

The term “container” means any receptacle and closure therefore suitable for storing, shipping, dispensing, and/or handling a pharmaceutical product.

The term “insert” means information accompanying a pharmaceutical product that provides a description of how to administer the product, along with the safety and efficacy data required to allow the physician, pharmacist, and patient to make an informed decision regarding use of the product. The package insert generally is regarded as the “label” for a pharmaceutical product.

“Concurrent administration,” “administered in combination,” “simultaneous administration,” and similar phrases mean that two or more agents are administered concurrently to the subject being treated. By “concurrently,” it is meant that each agent is administered either simultaneously or sequentially in any order at different points in time. However, if not administered simultaneously, it is meant that they are administered to an individual in a sequence and sufficiently close in time so as to provide the desired therapeutic effect and can act in concert. For example, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered at the same time or sequentially in any order at different points in time as a second therapeutic agent. A Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent can be administered separately, in any appropriate form and by any suitable route. When a Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent are not administered concurrently, it is understood that they can be administered in any order to a subject in need thereof. For example, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered prior to (e.g., 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks before), concomitantly with, or subsequent to (e.g., 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks after) the administration of a second therapeutic agent treatment modality (e.g., radiotherapy), to an individual in need thereof. In various embodiments, a Compound of the Disclosure and the second therapeutic agent are administered 1 minute apart, 10 minutes apart, 30 minutes apart, less than 1 hour apart, 1 hour apart, 1 hour to 2 hours apart, 2 hours to 3 hours apart, 3 hours to 4 hours apart, 4 hours to 5 hours apart, 5 hours to 6 hours apart, 6 hours to 7 hours apart, 7 hours to 8 hours apart, 8 hours to 9 hours apart, 9 hours to 10 hours apart, 10 hours to 11 hours apart, 11 hours to 12 hours apart, no more than 24 hours apart or no more than 48 hours apart. In one embodiment, the components of the combination therapies are administered at about 1 minute to about 24 hours apart.

The use of the terms “a”, “an”, “the”, and similar referents in the context of describing the disclosure (especially in the context of the claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated. Recitation of ranges of values herein merely are intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended to better illustrate the disclosure and is not a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the disclosure.

The term “about,” as used herein, includes the recited number ±10%. Thus, “about 10” means 9 to 11.

In the present disclosure, the term “halo” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I.

In the present disclosure, the term “nitro” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NO₂.

In the present disclosure, the term “cyano” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —CN.

In the present disclosure, the term “hydroxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —OH.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to unsubstituted straight- or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons containing from one to twenty carbon atoms, i.e., C₁₋₂₀ alkyl, or the number of carbon atoms designated, e.g., a C₁ alkyl such as methyl, a C₂ alkyl such as ethyl, a C₃ alkyl such as propyl or isopropyl, a C₁₋₃ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, or isopropyl, and so on. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a straight chain C₁₋₁₀ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a branched chain C₃₋₁₀ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a straight chain C₁₋₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a branched chain C₃₋₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a straight chain C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a branched chain C₃₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a straight or branched chain C₃₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary C₁₋₁₀ alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso-butyl, 3-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. Non-limiting exemplary C₁₋₄ alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and iso-butyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “heteroalkyl” as used by itself or part of another group refers to unsubstituted straight- or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons containing from three to thirty chain atoms, i.e., 3- to 30-membered heteroalkyl, or the number of chain atoms designated, wherein at least one —CH₂— is replaced with at least one —O—, —N(H)—, or —S—. The —O—, N(H)—, or —S— can independently be placed at any interior position of the aliphatic hydrocarbon chain so long as each —O—, N(H)—, or —S— group is separated by at least two —CH₂— groups. In one embodiment, one —CH₂— group is replaced with one —O— group. In another embodiment, two —CH₂— groups are replaced with two —O— groups. In another embodiment, three —CH₂— groups are replaced with three —O— groups. In another embodiment, four —CH₂— groups are replaced with four —O— groups. Non-limiting exemplary heteroalkyl groups include:

-   -   —CH₂OCH₃;     -   —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃;     -   —CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₃;     -   —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃; and     -   —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkylenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of an alkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₁₂ alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₈ alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkylenyl is a divalent form of a C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary alkylenyl groups include:

-   -   —CH₂—,     -   —CH₂CH₂—,     -   —CH₂CH₂CH₂—,     -   CH₂(CH₂)₂CH₂—,     -   —CH(CH₂)₃CH₂—,     -   —CH₂(CH₂)₄CH₂—,     -   CH₂(CH₂)₅CH₂—,     -   —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂—, and     -   —CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂—.

In the present disclosure, the term “heteroalkylenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of a heteroalkyl group. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 12-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 10-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 8-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 6-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a divalent form of a 3- to 4-membered heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a radical of the formula: —(CH₂)_(o)O—(CH₂CH₂O)_(p)—(CH₂)_(q)—, wherein o is 2 or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7; and q is 2 or 3. In another embodiment, the heteroalkylenyl is a radical of the formula: —(CH₂)_(r)O—(CH₂)_(s)—O(CH₂)_(t)—, wherein r is 2, 3, or 4; s is 3, 4, or 5; and t is 2 or 3. Non-limiting exemplary heteroalkylenyl groups include:

-   -   CH₂OCH₂—;     -   —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂—;     -   CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—;     -   —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂—;     -   —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂—; and     -   —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂O—.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the alkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from nitro, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, and the like. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted alkyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted alkyl is substituted with one substituent. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted alkyl groups include —CH₂CH₂NO₂, —CH₂SO₂CH₃ CH₂CH₂CO₂H, —CH₂CH₂SO₂CH₃, —CH₂CH₂COPh, and —CH₂C₆H₁₁.

In the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to saturated and partially unsaturated (containing one or two double bonds) cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons containing one to three rings having from three to twelve carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl) or the number of carbons designated. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has two rings. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has one ring. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornyl, decalin, adamantyl, cyclohexenyl, and cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the cycloalkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, and (heterocyclo)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with one substituent.

In the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkylenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group. In one embodiment, the heterocyclenyl is a 4-membered cycloalkylenyl. In another embodiment, the heterocyclenyl is a 5-membered cycloalkylenyl. In another embodiment, the heterocyclenyl is a 6-membered cycloalkylenyl. Non-limiting exemplary heterocyclenyl groups include:

In the present disclosure, the term “alkenyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one, two or three carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group. In another embodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₄ alkenyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, sec-butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkenyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means the alkenyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkynyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one to three carbon-to-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl has one carbon-to-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group. In another embodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₄ alkynyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, 2-butynyl, pentynyl, and hexynyl groups.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkynyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means the alkynyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo.

In the present disclosure, the term “haloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine atoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is substituted by one, two, or three fluorine and/or chlorine atoms. In another embodiment, the haloalkyl group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ haloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkyl groups include fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, and trichloromethyl groups.

In the present disclosure, the term “hydroxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more, e.g., one, two, or three, hydroxy groups. In one embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is a monohydroxyalkyl group, i.e., substituted with one hydroxy group. In another embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is a dihydroxyalkyl group, i.e., substituted with two hydroxy groups, e.g.,

In another embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ hydroxyalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl groups, such as 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl, and 1,3-dihydroxyprop-2-yl.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkoxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl or optionally substituted alkynyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. In one embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group. In another embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and tert-butoxy.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkylthio” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfur atom substituted by an optionally substituted alkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkylthio group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkylthio group. Non-limiting exemplary alkylthio groups include —SCH₃, and —SCH₂CH₃.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkoxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group. Non-limiting exemplary alkoxyalkyl groups include methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, methoxybutyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, ethoxybutyl, propoxymethyl, iso-propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl, propoxypropyl, butoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, isobutoxymethyl, sec-butoxymethyl, and pentyloxymethyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “haloalkoxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a haloalkyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkoxy groups include fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.

In the present disclosure, the term “aryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring system having from six to fourteen carbon atoms (i.e., C₆-C₁₄ aryl). Non-limiting exemplary aryl groups include phenyl (abbreviated as “Ph”), naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracyl, indenyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl, and fluorenyl groups. In one embodiment, the aryl group is chosen from phenyl or naphthyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted aryl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means that the aryl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to five substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, or (heterocyclo)alkyl.

In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aryl is an optionally substituted phenyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has four substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has three substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has one substituent. Non-limiting exemplary substituted aryl groups include 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-di-fluorophenyl, 2,6-di-chlorophenyl, 2-methyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-ethyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-di-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-di-fluorophenyl 3,5-di-methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxy, 4-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-3-chlorophenyl, and 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl. The term optionally substituted aryl is meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted cycloalkyl and fused optionally substituted heterocyclo rings. Non-limiting examples include:

In the present disclosure, the term “phenylenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of an optionally substituted phenyl group. Non-limiting examples include:

In the present disclosure, the term “aryloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted aryl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aryloxy group is PhO—.

In the present disclosure, the term “aralkyloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an aralkyl group attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aralkyloxy group is PhCH₂O—.

In the present disclosure, the term “heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic” refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic ring systems having 5 to 14 ring atoms (i.e., C₅-C₁₄ heteroaryl), wherein at least one carbon atom of one of the rings is replaced with a heteroatom independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl contains 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl has three heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has two heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has one heteroatom. Non-limiting exemplary heteroaryl groups include thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzooxazonyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, pteridinyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbazolyl, β-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, and phenoxazinyl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is chosen from thienyl (e.g., thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl), furyl (e.g., 2-furyl and 3-furyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1H-pyrrol-2-yl and 1H-pyrrol-3-yl), imidazolyl (e.g., 2H-imidazol-2-yl and 2H-imidazol-4-yl), pyrazolyl (e.g., 1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 1H-pyrazol-4-yl, and 1H-pyrazol-5-yl), pyridyl (e.g., pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl), pyrimidinyl (e.g., pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, and pyrimidin-5-yl), thiazolyl (e.g., thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, and thiazol-5-yl), isothiazolyl (e.g., isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, and isothiazol-5-yl), oxazolyl (e.g., oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, and oxazol-5-yl), isoxazolyl (e.g., isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, and isoxazol-5-yl), and indazolyl (e.g., 1H-indazol-3-yl). The term “heteroaryl” is also meant to include possible N-oxides. A non-limiting exemplary N-oxide is pyridyl N-oxide.

In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is a 5-membered heteroaryl, i.e., the heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic ring system having 5 ring atoms wherein at least one carbon atom of the ring is replaced with a heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Non-limiting exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, and isoxazolyl.

In another embodiment, the heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl, e.g., the heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic ring system having 6 ring atoms wherein at least one carbon atom of the ring is replaced with a nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyridazinyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted heteroaryl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the heteroaryl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to four substituents, e.g., one or two substituents, independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, or (heterocyclo)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted heteroaryl has one substituent. Any available carbon or nitrogen atom can be substituted. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to:

The term optionally substituted heteroaryl is also meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted cycloalkyl and fused optionally substituted heterocyclo rings. Non-limiting examples include:

In the present disclosure, the term “heteroarylenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of an optionally substituted heteroaryl group. In one embodiment, the heteroarylenyl is a 5-membered heteroarylenyl. Non-limiting examples of a 5-membered heteroarylenyl include:

In one embodiment, the heteroarylenyl is a 6-membered heteroarylenyl. Non-limiting examples of a 6-membered heteroarylenyl include:

In the present disclosure, the term “heterocycle” or “heterocyclo” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to saturated and partially unsaturated (e.g., containing one or two double bonds) cyclic groups containing one, two, or three rings having from three to fourteen ring members (i.e., a 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo) wherein at least one carbon atom of one of the rings is replaced with a heteroatom. Each heteroatom is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone, and/or nitrogen atoms, which can be oxidized or quaternized. The term “heterocyclo” is meant to include groups wherein a ring —CH₂— is replaced with a —C(═O)—, for example, cyclic ureido groups such as 2-imidazolidinone and cyclic amide groups such as β-lactam, γ-lactam, δ-lactam, ε-lactam, and piperazin-2-one. The term “heterocyclo” is also meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted aryl groups, e.g., indolinyl, chroman-4-yl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclo group is chosen from a 5- or 6-membered cyclic group containing one ring and one or two oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms. The heterocyclo can be optionally linked to the rest of the molecule through any available carbon or nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplary heterocyclo groups include dioxanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl, piperazin-2-one, piperazine-2,6-dione, 2-imidazolidinone, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, and indolinyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted heterocyclo” as used herein by itself or part of another group means the heterocyclo as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CF₃C(═O)—, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, or (heterocyclo)alkyl. Substitution may occur on any available carbon or nitrogen atom, or both. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted heterocyclo groups include:

In the present disclosure, the term “heterocyclenyl” as used herein by itself or part of another group refers to a divalent form of an optionally substituted heterocyclo group. Substitution may occur at any available carbon atom or nitrogen atom. In one embodiment, the heterocyclenyl is a 4-membered heterocyclenyl. In another embodiment, the heterocyclenyl is a 5-membered heterocyclenyl. In another embodiment, the heterocyclenyl is a 6-membered heterocyclenyl. Non-limiting exemplary heterocyclenyl groups include:

In the present disclosure, the term “amino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(10a)R^(10b), wherein R^(10a) and R^(10b) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, or optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R^(10a) and R^(10b) are taken together to form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo. Non-limiting exemplary amino groups include —NH₂ and —N(H)(CH₃).

In the present disclosure, the term “(amino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an amino group. Non-limiting exemplary amino alkyl groups include —CH₂CH₂NH₂, and —CH₂CH₂N(H)CH₃, —CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂, and —CH₂N(H)cyclopropyl.

In the present disclosure, the term “carboxamido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of formula —C(═O)NR^(9a)R^(9b), wherein R^(9a) and R^(9b) are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, or optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R^(9a) and R^(9b) taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo group. In one embodiment, R^(9a) and R^(9b) are each independently hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl. In one embodiment, R^(9a) and R^(9b) are taken together to taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 3- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary carboxamido groups include, but are not limited to, —CONH₂, —CON(H)CH₃, —CON(CH₃)₂, —CON(H)Ph,

In the present disclosure, the term “sulfonamido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —SO₂NR^(8a)R^(8b), wherein R^(8a) and R^(8b) are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, or R^(8a) and R^(8b) taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached from a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary sulfonamido groups include —SO₂NH₂, —SO₂N(H)CH₃, and —SO₂N(H)Ph.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkylcarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkyl group. A non-limiting exemplary alkylcarbonyl group is —COCH₃.

In the present disclosure, the term “arylcarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an optionally substituted aryl group. A non-limiting exemplary arylcarbonyl group is —COPh.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkoxycarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkoxy group. Non-limiting exemplary alkoxycarbonyl groups include —C(═O)OMe, —C(═O)OEt, and —C(═O)OtBu.

In the present disclosure, the term “alkylsulfonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., —SO₂—, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionally substituted alkyl groups. A non-limiting exemplary alkylsulfonyl group is —SO₂CH₃.

In the present disclosure, the term “arylsulfonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., —SO₂—, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionally substituted aryl groups. A non-limiting exemplary arylsulfonyl group is —SO₂Ph.

In the present disclosure, the term “mercaptoalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups substituted by a —SH group.

In the present disclosure, the term “carboxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —COOH.

In the present disclosure, the term “carboxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups substituted with a —COOH. A non-limiting exemplary carboxyalkyl group is —CH₂CO₂H.

In the present disclosure, the terms “aralkyl” or “arylalkyl” as used by themselves or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted aryl groups. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aralkyl group is a C₁₋₄ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted aryl group. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aralkyl group is a C₁ or C₂ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted aryl group. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aralkyl group is a C₁ or C₂ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted phenyl group. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted aralkyl groups include benzyl (abbreviated as “Bn”), phenethyl, —CHPh₂, —CH₂(4-F-Ph), —CH₂(4-Me-Ph), —CH₂(4-CF₃-Ph), and —CH(4-F-Ph)₂.

In the present disclosure, the terms “(heterocyclo)alkyl” as used by itself or part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an optionally substituted heterocyclo group. In one embodiment, the (heterocyclo)alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary (heterocyclo)alkyl groups include:

EXAMPLES Example 1 Synthesis of 3-bromo-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepine

Step 1: Synthesis of Methyl 2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiophene-3-carboxylate)

FmocCl (52 g, 200 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (200 mL). This solution was added dropwise to a suspension of anhydrous KSCN (21.4 g, 2200 mmol) in EtOAc (200 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated under vacuum. NMR analysis of the crude material showed it contained a small amount of the solvent EtOAc. The crude material was treated with DCM (100 mL) and hexanes (100 mL) and the resulting solution was evaporated under vacuum to facilitate removal of the EtOAc. The crude material was weighed at 52 g, 92% yield.

To a suspension of NaH (60% in mineral oil, 8.8 g, 220 mmol, 1.2 eq) in THF (200 mL) at 0° C. was added dropwise a solution of methyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (30.1 g, 200 mmol, 1.1 eq) in THF (50 mL). After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. and stirred for 20 min. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and a solution of crude FmocNCS (52 g, 184 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added dropwise. After the addition was completed, the reaction mixture was quenched at 0° C. by the addition of 50 mL of saturated NH₄Cl solution and 50 mL of water. Then majority of the mixture solvent was evaporated under vacuum until a precipitate started to form. At this point, 150 mL water and 150 mL ethyl acetate were added. The mixture was stirred under room temperature until it became a homogeneous suspension. The crude mixture was filtered and occasional stirring of the filter cake was needed to speed up the filtration process. The filter cake was further rinsed with water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL). Again the filter cake was stirred occasionally during the washing process to facilitate filtration. The filter cake was transferred to a flask and weighed 56.3 g. This crude product was further dried under high vacuum overnight to remove water and organic solvent. After drying, the crude was weighed at 44.9 g (62% yield) as light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.90 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.48-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 4.59 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.37-4.29 (m, 1H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 3.66 (s, 2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of Methyl 2-amino-4-bromothiophene-3-carboxylate

To a suspension of methyl 2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiophene-3-carboxylate (44.9 g, 114 mmol) in dioxane (250 mL) was added POBr₃ (39 g, 137 mmol, 1.2 eq) and the reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. The reaction was monitored by TLC and all the starting material was consumed in less than 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured into the mixture of ice-water. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×300 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine twice, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated.

The residue was dissolved in DCM (75 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. Morpholine (52 mL, 5 eq) was added slowly and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and rinsed with small amount of Et₂O. The filtrate was evaporated under vacuum and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel (pure DCM) to afford 2-amino-4-bromothiophene-3-carboxylate as off-white solid (14 g, 52% for two steps). The final product contains trace amount (˜5% by NMR analysis) of morphonline-Fmoc adduct. The product was sealed and stored in the refrigerator. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.29 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H).

Step 3: Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-2-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy) acetamido)thiophene-3-carboxylate

2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)acetic acid (6 g, 19 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (60 mL) and the solution was cooled to 0° C. under N₂. Oxalyl chloride (1.3 eq, 25 mmol, 2.1 mL) was added followed by the addition of DMF(0.1 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. and stirred for another 1 h. All the volatiles were removed under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in DCM (10 mL). This solution was added to a solution of L5 (2.36 g, 10 mmol) in DCM (60 mL) and DIPEA (5.2 mL, 30 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. and stirred for 1 h prior to being quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ and extracted with DCM (3×50 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water and then, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and then concentrated. The oil was chromatographed on silica gel (1:16 to 1:8 ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give title compound as an oil: (5.3 g, 99%). H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 12.30 (s, 1H), 7.83-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.54-7.38 (m, 6H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 1.24 (s, 9H).

Step 4: Synthesis of Methyl 4-bromo-2-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy) ethanethioamido)thiophene-3-carboxylate

To a solution of L6 (5.5 g, 10 mmol) in dioxane (40 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (2.4 g, 6 mmol, 0.6 eq) and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux. The reaction was monitored by TLC and all the starting material was consumed in 4-6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and diluted with water and EtOAc. After extraction, the organic layers were combined and washed with brine twice. The organic layer was dried and removed under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (1:16 to 1:8 ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give L7 as a yellow solid: (3.2 g, 57%).

Step 5: Synthesis of methyl 4-bromo-2-(3-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)thiophene-3-carboxylate

To a solution of L7 (3.2 g, 5.7 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.55 mL, 11.4 mmol, 2 eq) at r.t. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h prior to being concentrated in vacuum. The residue was taken up in DCM and washed with water and brine. The organic layer was separated, dried and concentrated. The residue was taken up in ethanol (10 mL) and THF (2 mL), and triethyl orthoacetate (3.1 mL, 3 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h. All volatiles were removed under vacuum and the residue was treated with AcOH (20 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h prior to the removal of the solvent under vacuum. The residue was treated with EtOAc, washed with 1 M NaOH, saturated NaHCO₃, and brine. The organic layer was dried and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (1:2 ethyl acetate/hexanes followed by ethyl acetate, then DCM/MeOH 15:1) to give L8 (1.9 g, 58%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.57-7.32 (m, 10H), 4.78 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 0.96 (s, 9H).

Step 6: Synthesis of 3-bromo-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepine

Step 1 and 2: To a solution of L8 (1.9 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at 0° C. was added a solution of LiBH₄ (2 M in THF, 3.3 mL, 6.6 mmol, 2 eq). MeOH (2 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. and stirred for 12 h. All volatiles were removed and the residue was taken up in EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water and brine prior to being dried and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in DCM (20 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Thionyl chloride (0.72 mL, 9.9 mmol, 3 eq) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. After 1 h, all the volatiles were removed and the residue was taken up in EtOAc and washed with 1 M Na₂CO₃ and brine, dried and concentrated to give crude L9. (1.75 g). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.55-7.33 (m, 10H), 4.73 (d, J=12.6 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J=12.6 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (s, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 0.99 (s, 9H).

Step 3 and 4: To a solution of L9 (1.75 g, 3.1 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added a solution of TBAF (3.1 mL, 3.1 mmol, IM in THF). The solution was stirred for 1 h prior to being added to a hot solution of NaOtBu (595 mg, 6.2 mmol, 2 eq) in ^(t)BuOH(40 mL) at 80° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min and then cooled down. All the solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was taken up in EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified through HPLC to afford TFA salt of the L10 (667 mg, 51% over four steps). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.55 (s, 1H), 4.93 (s, 2H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 2.81 (s, 3H).

Example 2 Synthesis of 3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepine

To a flask was charged with L10 (210 mg, 0.74 mmol), potassium benzyltrifluoroborate (293 mg, 1.48 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (60 mg, 0.07 mmol), dioxane (6 mL) and Na₂CO₃ solution (2 M, 3 mL) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. in an oil bath for 1 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified through HPLC to afford L11(166 mg, 76% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.40-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.20 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H).

Example 3 Synthesis of 3-benzyl-2-bromo-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepine

To a solution of L11 TFA salt (166 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) and AcOH (1 mL) was added NBS (94 mg, 0.6 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and purified via HPLC to give L12 as a solid. (126 mg, 63%). ESI-MS:375.94.

Example 4 Synthesis of 3-(4-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperdine-2,6-dione

To a known compound 1 (260 mg, 1 mmol) in 5 mL DMF was added KHCO₃ (500 mg, 5 mmol) and 3-bromopropanol (278 mg, 2 mmol). The result mixture was stirring at 70° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and purified via HPLC to afford a white solid (128 mg, 40%).

Example 5 Synthesis of 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoic Acid

Steps 1 and 2: To compound 3 (460 mg, 5 mmol) in 20 mL ACN was added Cs₂CO₃ (3.25 g, 10 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h. To above solution, ethyl acetate (80 mL) was added, and washed with H₂O (3×15 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried and concentrated to provide a yellow solid. The resulting crude was dissolved in 10 mL MeOH, and 20 mL NaOH (1N) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 4 h. The pH was adjusted with 3N HCl to 2. The precipitation was filtered and the filtered cake was washed with water, dried to give the desired compound 4 (620 mg, 69%).

Step 3: Compound 4 (200 mg) and L12 (317 mg) were dissolved in 10 mL DMF, and 3 mL TEA. To above solution, Pd(PPh3)₂Cl₂ (30 mg) and CuI (20 mg) were charged. After degassing, the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h. After distilling solvent under vacuum, the residue was purified via HPLC to give 5 as a white solid (289 mg, 72%). ESI-MS:474.31.

Example 6 Synthesis of 3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate

Compound 5 (20 mg) and HATU (30 mg) and were dissolved in 2 mL DMF, and 1 mL DIPEA. After stirring at rt for 0.5 h, 2 (15 mg) and DMAP (1 mg) were added. The above solution was stirred at rt for another 1 h. Cpd. No. 15 was obtained via HPLC purification (11 mg, 34%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.97 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.31 (m, 3H), 7.22 (m, 4H), 5.14 (m, 2H), 4.68 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 4H), 4.35 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 2H), 4.25 (s, 1H), 4.18 (m, 6H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 2.64 (s, 2H), 2.28 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.03 (m, 6H). ESI-MS:774.34.

Example 7 Synthesis of 4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)but-3-yn-1-yl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate

Step 1: To compound 6 (370 mg, 1 mmol) in 10 mL DMF, L12 (317 mg) and 3 mL TEA were added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (30 mg) and CuI (20 mg). After degassing, the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h. After distilling solvent under vacuum, the residue was purified via Combi-Flash column using DCM and MeOH to give 7 as a white solid (246 mg, 79%). ESI-MS:313.11.

Step 2: Following the protocol in Example 6 provided the Cpd. No. 16 in 36% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.00 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.31 (dd, 2H), 7.21 (m, 3H), 5.15 (d, 2H), 4.70 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 4H), 4.46 (d, 1H), 4.32 (d, 1H), 4.15 (t, 2H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 2.84 (t, 2H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 2.30 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 4H). ESI-MS:768.33.

Example 8 Synthesis of 3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate

Steps 1 and 2: To 3-benzoxypropanol (168 mg, 1 mmol) in 20 ml DCM was added Dess Martin reagent (636 mg, 1.5 mmol) and was stirred at rt for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was directly placed on top of a column and was eluted with hexane and EtOAc to afford colorless oil (139 mg, 84%). The resulting aldehyde was dissolved in DCE (10 mL) and 3-(4-amino-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione (130 mg, 0.5 mmol), AcOH (60 mg, 1 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (159 mg, 0.75 mmol) was added and stirred for additional 18 h. Directly placed the reaction mixture on top of a silica column and eluted with DCM and MeOH to provide a white solid (140 mg, 69%). ESI-MS:408.25.

Step 3 to 4: To product from the above step (41 mg, 0.1 mmol) in 2 mL DMF, Pd/C (10%, 10 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere for 8 h. The Pd/C was filtered (ESI-MS:317.11) with a syringe. The filtrate was directly used for the next step, which was followed the protocol in Example 6 to afford Cpd. No. 18 (23% yield in two steps). ESI-MS:773.40.

Example 9

The following representative Compounds of the Disclosure were prepared using methods described in Examples 6-8 and/or methods known in the art.

Cpd. No. ESI-MS 17 745.48 19 772.45 20 758.13 21 716.32 22 892.53 23 843.32 24 856.36 25 856.35 26 886.52 27 930.79 28 754.35 29 758.34 30 759.23 31 754.18 32 758.23 33 754.31 34 744.35 35 772.48 36 758.33 37 746.21 38 730.22 39 726.51 40 740.55 41 754.45 42 853.51 43 853.44 44 842.33

Example 10 Synthesis of (S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-iodo-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine (Compound N6)

Step 1: Synthesis of (2-amino-4-methylthiophen-3-yl)(4-chlorophenyl) methanone (Compound N1)

To a suspension of 3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionitrile (900 mg, 5 mmol) and 2,5-dimethyl-[1,4]dithiane-2,5-diol (450 mg, 2.5 mmol) in absolute EtOH (10 mL), cooled in a bath of water/ice, was added TEA (5 mmol, 0.7 mL). After stirring for 10 min at r.t., the mixture was refluxed for 2 h. The red-brown solution was evaporated, the residue was dissolved in EtOAc (10 mL), and the organic phase was washed with 1% w/v HCl (5 mL), a saturated solution of NaHCO₃ (5 mL), water (5 mL), and brine (5 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated to give a brown residue. The residue was suspended in ethyl ether (15 mL), stirred for 30 min, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, suspended with petroleum ether, stirred for 30 min, and filtered. The residue was purified by column chromatography using a mixture of EtOAc-petroleum ether as eluent, to give 440 mg of compound N1 as an orange solid, 35% yield. ESI-MS m/z 252.03 [M+H]⁺. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm) 7.45 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.62 (s, 2H, NH₂), 5.84 (s, 1H), 1.68 (s, 3H).

Step 2: Synthesis of (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (S)-(1-((3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-4-methylthiophen-2-yl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate (Compound N2)

To a solution of Fmoc-Ala-OH (3.0 g, 9.7 mmol) in chloroform (40 mL) was added EDCI.HCl (2.2 g, 11.5 mmol) and HOBt (540 mg, 4.0 mmol). Compound N1 (2.2 g, 8.8 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 24 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of water (80 mL). The organic phase was taken, washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution and brine, dried with sodium sulfate, and purified by flash column chromatography to give 2.0 g of the desired Compound N2, 42% yield. ESI-MS m/z 567.09 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of (S)-2-amino-N-(3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-4-methylthiophen-2-yl)propanamide (Compound N3)

Compound N2 (256 mg, 0.47 mmol, 1 equiv) was dissolved into 20% piperidine in DMF solution (2.2 ml, 0.22 M) at 23° C. After 1 h, ethyl acetate (20 ml) and brine (20 ml) were added to the reaction mixture. The two layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×20 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3×25 ml), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (24 gram silica gel, gradient 0 to 100% ethyl acetate-hexane) to afford free amine Compound N3 (129 mg, 85%) as yellow solid. ESI-MS m/z 322.81 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of (S)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepin-2-one (Compound N4)

Amino ketone (Compound N3) (136 mg, 0.42 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (10 ml, 0.04 M). Silica gel (300 mg) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated to 90° C. After 3 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to 23° C. The silica gel was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. The combined filtrates were concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (12 gram silica gel, gradient 0 to 100% ethyl acetate-hexanes) to afford Compound N4 (77 mg, 60%). ESI-MS m/z 305.05 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of (S)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-iodo-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepin-2-one (Compound N5)

Compound N4 (305 mg; 1 mmol) of was dissolved in 5 mL glacial acetic acid and then added to a solution of 450 mg (2.0 mmol) of NIS in 2 mL of glacial acetic acid within 5 min. After the addition was complete, the solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water and neutralized with sodium bicarbonate. After the addition of methylene chloride, the organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to give the crude product. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography to afford Compound N5 (215 mg, 50%). ESI-MS m/z 431.03 [M+H]⁺.

Step 6: Synthesis of (S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-iodo-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin (Compound N6)

Potassium tert-butoxide (1.0 M solution in THF, 0.3 mL, 0.30 mmol, 1.10 equiv) was added to a solution Compound N5 (116 mg, 0.27 mmol, 1 equiv) in THF (1.8 ml, 0.15 M) at −78° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to −10° C., and stirred at 23° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to −78° C. Diethyl chlorophosphate (0.047 mL, 0.32 mmol, 1.20 equiv) was added to reaction mixture. The resulting mixture was warmed to −10° C. over 45 min. Acetic hydrazide (30 mg, 0.40 mmol, 1.50 equiv) was added to reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at 23° C. After 1 h, 1-butanol (2.25 ml) was added to reaction mixture, which was heated to 90° C. After 2 h, all solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with flash column chromatography (4 g silica gel, gradient 0 to 100% ethyl acetate-hexanes) to afford 73 mg of Compound N6, 58% yield. ESI-MS m/z 469.66 [M+H]⁺.

Example 11 Synthesis of 2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate (Cpd. No. 11)

Step 1: Synthesis of (S)-2-((1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethynyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine (Intermediate 1)

To a round-bottomed flask were added 4-ethynyl-1H-pyrazole (276 mg, 3.0 mmol, 3.0 eq), N6 (469 mg, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq), Pd(PPh₃)Cl₂ (140 mg, 0.2 mol, 0.2 eq), CuI (38 mg, 0.2 mol, 0.2 eq) 1 mL of TEA and 4 mL of DMF. The sealed flask was vacuumed and refilled with nitrogen for three times. The resulting mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered and the solution was evaporated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with DCM/MeOH to afford the desired compound 1. Yield: 72%. UPLC-MS [M+I]⁺: 433.53.

Steps 2 and 3: Synthesis of (S)-4-(4-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoic acid.

To compound 1 (866 mg, 2 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 10 mL DMF was added Cs₂CO₃ (2.0 g, 6 mmol, 3.0 eq) and tert-butyl 4-bromobutanoate the (892 mg, 4 mmol, 2.0 eq) and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 5 h. To above solution, ethyl acetate (80 mL) was added, and washed with H₂O (3×15 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried and purified by DCM/MeOH to afford tert-butyl (S)-4-(4-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate (Intermediate 2). Yield: 80%. UPLC-MS [M+1]⁺: 519.20.

To the above obtained compound 2 was added TFA/DCM (5 mL/5 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h to afford the compound 3 which was used to next step directly without further purification.

Steps 4 and 5: Synthesis of 3-(1-oxo-4-(piperidin-4-ylamino)isoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione (Intermediate 5)

To a round flask with Lenalidomide (259.3 mg, 1 mmol, 1 eq) in 10 mL of DCE was added tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (299 mg, 1.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) and HOAc (90 mg, 1.5 mmol, 1.5 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Then the solvent of the resulting material was evaporated and purified by flash column chromatography with DCM/MeOH to afford the intermediate 4, tert-butyl 4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidine-1-carboxylate. Yield: 50%. UPLC-MS [M+1]⁺: 443.32.

To the above obtained compound 4 was added TFA/DCM (5 mL/5 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h to afford the compound 5 which was used to next step directly without further purification.

Step 5: Synthesis of 3-(4-((1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione (Intermediate 7)

To a round flask with compound 5 (439 mg, 1 mmol, 1 eq) in 10 mL of DCE was added 2-(benzyloxy)acetaldehyde (225.2 mg, 1.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) and HOAc (90 mg, 1.5 mmol, 1.5 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Then the solvent of the resulting material was evaporated and purified by flash column chromatography with DCM/MeOH to afford the intermediate 6, 3-(4-((1-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione. Yield: 70%. UPLC-MS [M+1]⁺: 477.35.

To the above obtained compound 6 was added TFA/DCM (5 mL/5 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h to afford the compound 7 which was used to next step directly without further purification.

Step 6: Synthesis of 2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate (Cpd. No. 11)

To a round-bottomed flask, compound 3 (26 mg, 0.05 mmol, 1.0 eq), compound 7 (21 mg, 0.055 mmol, 1.1 eq), HATU (28.5 mg, 0.075 mmol, 1.5 eq) and DIPEA (44 uL, 0.25 mmol, 5 eq) were mixed in 2 mL of DMF. Then DMAP (1.2 mg, 0.01 mmol, 0.2 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The final compound was obtained by reverse HPLC purification with MeCN/H₂O. Yield: 55%. UPLC-MS [M+1]⁺: 887.42.

Example 12 Synthesis of (S)-2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-iodo-3,9-dimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetic acid (W7)

Step 1: Synthesis of Tert-butyl (S)-3-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-((3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-4-methylthiophen-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoate (W2)

(Benzotriazol-1-yloxyl)tripyrrolidinophosphonium (PyBOP) (7.81 g, 15 mmol, 1.5 equiv), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (3.48 mL, 20 mmol, 2.0 equiv) were added sequentially to a solution of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-aspartic acid β-tert-butyl ester [Fmoc-Asp(Ot-Bu)-OH](5.35 g, 13 mmol, 1.3 equiv) in N,N-dimethylformamide (24.0 ml). The mixture was then stirred at 23° C. for 5 min. N1 (2.52 g, 10.0 mmol, 1 equiv) was then added as solid. The reaction mixture was stirred at 23° C. After 4 h, ethyl acetate (200 ml) and brine (200 ml) were added. The two layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, were dried, were filtered, and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with P:EA/10:1-5:1 to afford W2 (2.6 g, 40%) as a yellow solid. UPLC-MS [M+1]⁺: 645.22.

Step 2: Synthesis of Tert-butyl (S)-3-amino-4-((3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-4-methylthiophen-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoate (W3)

Compound W2 (2.6 g, 4.0 mmol, 1 equiv) was dissolved in DMF (20 ml) at 23° C. 0.41 mL (1.0 eq) of piperidine was added. After 1 h, ethyl acetate (100 ml) and brine (100 ml) were added to the reaction mixture. The two layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (1×100 ml). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, were filtered, and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with P:EA/5:1-2:1 to afford free amine W3 (1.58 g, 92%) as yellow solid. UPLC-MS [M+1]⁺: 423.32.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl (S)-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)acetate (W4)

Compound W3 (1.58 g, 3.74 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (50 ml). Silica gel (2.2 g) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated to 90° C. After 3 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to 23° C. The silica gel was filtered, and washed with ethyl acetate. The combined filtrates were concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with P:EA/5:1 to afford compound W4 (1.22 g, 81%) as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm) 10.43 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 4.16 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (dd, J=17.2 Hz, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.19 (dd, J=17.2 Hz, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 9H).

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl (S)-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-iodo-6-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)acetate (W5)

Compound W4 (1.21 g, 3.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in a solution of AcOH/CHCl₃ (10 mL/10 mL). Then NIS (810 mg, 3.6 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Most of the solvent was evaporated. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate and saturated NaHCO₃ solution. The combined organic layer was dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with P:EA/5:1-2:1 to afford compound W5 as a yellow solid (1.38 g, 87% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d⁶) δ (ppm) 11.37 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.09 (dd, J=16.8 Hz, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (dd, J=17.2 Hz, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 9H).

Step 5: Synthesis of tert-butyl (S)-2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-iodo-3,9-dimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetate (W6)

Potassium tert-butoxide (437 mg in 10 mL of anhydrous THF, 3.9 mmol, 1.50 equiv) was added to a solution W5 (1.37 g, 2.6 mmol, 1 equiv) in anhydrous THF (10 ml) at −78° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to −10° C., and stirred at 23° C. under nitrogen for 30 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to −78° C. Diethyl chlorophosphate (0.6 mL, 4.16 mmol, 1.6 equiv) was added to reaction mixture. The resulting mixture was warmed to −10° C. over 45 min. Acetic hydrazide (385 mg, 5.2 mmol, 2.0 equiv) was added to reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at 23° C. After 5 h, 1-butanol (20 ml) was added to reaction mixture, which was heated to reflux at 90° C. After 5 h, all solvents were removed under reduce pressure. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate for two times. The combined organic layer was dried, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with P:EA/5:1-2:1-1:100 to compound W6 (517 mg, 35%) as white solid. UPLC-MS [M+1]⁺: 569.82.

Step 6: Synthesis of (S)-2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-iodo-3,9-dimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)acetic Acid (7)

Compound W6 (57 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in TFA (1 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h. The solvent was evaporated and dried under vacuum. Column purification was not performed. For large scale reactions, recrystallization is recommended for purification to afford pure solid W7. UPLC-MS [M+1]⁺: 512.87.

Example 13 Synthesis of 3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate (Cpd. No. 4)

To a round-bottomed flask, compound 3-(4-bromo-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione (647 mg, 2.0 mmol, 1.0 eq), prop-2-yn-1-ol (224 mg, 4.0 mmol, 2.0 eq), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (140 mg, 0.02 mmol, 0.1 eq) and CuI (76 mg, 0.4 mmol, 0.2 eq) were mixed in 6 mL of DMF. The reaction mixture was sealed and filled with nitrogen. Triethylamine (6 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. to stir for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was evaporated to remove most of the solvent to give the dark residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography with DCM/MeOH to afford the compound 3-(4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione (477 mg, 80% yield). UPLC-MS calculated for C₁₆H₁₅N₂O₄ [M+1]⁺: 299.10, found 299.10.

To a round-bottomed flask, compound 4-iodopyrazole (970 mg, 5.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) and tert-butyl bromoacetate (878 mg, 4.5 mmol, 0.9 eq) were mixed in 20 mL of acetonitrile, then cesium carbonate (1.95 g, 6.0 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added. The solution was stirred at 80° C. for 12 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporator. The residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated brine. The combined organic layer was dried. The filtered solution was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get compound 2-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (1.25 g, 82% yield).

The above obtained compound was dissolved in 10 mL of TFA. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporator to afford the residue, which was used in next step without further purification. UPLC-MS calculated for C₅H₆IN₂O₂ [M+1]⁺: 252.95, found 253.01.

To a round-bottomed flask, compound 2-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (30 mg, 0.12 mmol, 1.2 eq), (S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethynyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine (36 mg, 0.1 mmol, 1.0 eq), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (7.0 mg, 0.01 mmol, 0.1 eq) and CuI (3.8 mg, 0.2 mmol, 0.2 eq) were mixed in 2 mL of DMF. The reaction mixture was sealed and filled with Nitrogen. 2 mL of triethylamine was added and the reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. to stir for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was evaporated to remove most of the solvent to give the dark residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography with DCM/MeOH to afford the compound (S)-2-(4-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (36 mg, 73% yield). UPLC-MS calculated for C₂₄H₂₀ClN₆O₂S [M+1]: 491.11, found 491.20.

To a round-bottomed flask, compound (S)-2-(4-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (25 mg, 0.05 mmol, 1.0 eq), 3-(4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione (16 mg, 0.055 mmol, 1.1 eq), EDCI (38 mg, 0.2 mmol, 4 eq) were mixed in 2 mL of DMF. Then DMAP (1.2 mg, 0.01 mmol, 0.2 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The final compound was obtained by HPLC purification with MeCN/H₂O. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm) 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.80 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=0.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.46 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.17-5.12 (m, 3H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.53-4.42 (m, 3H), 2.95-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.75 (m, 4H), 2.55-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.02 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.87 (s, 3H); UPLC-MS calculated for C₄₀H₃₂ClN₈O₅S [M+1]⁺: 771.19, found 771.27.

Example 14

The following representative Compounds of the Disclosure were prepared using methods described in Examples 10-13 and/or methods known in the art.

Cpd. No. ESI-MS 1 1027.49 2 357.92 (M/3 + 1)  714.32 (2M/3 + 1) 3 771.27 5 819.29 6 1057.54 7 1072.06 8 945.55 9 945.57 10 1019.61 12 1013.32 13 1057.29 14 1101.23

Example 15 In Vitro Activity

Cell growth inhibitory activity of representative Compounds of the Disclosure was determined using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. See Table 3. Cells were seeded in 384-well white opaque cell culture plates at a density of 2,000 cells/well with serially diluted compounds and incubated at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂ for 4 days. Cell viability was determined using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit (Promega, Madison, Wis.) according to the manufacture's instruction. Briefly, a volume of CellTiter-Glo® Reagent equal to the volume of cell culture medium was added to each well, and then the plates were incubated at room temperature for 10-20 minutes. The luminescent signal was measured using a Tecan Infinite M1000 multimode microplate reader (Tecan, Morrisville, N.C.). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) in Table 3 was calculated using the GraphPad Prism 5 software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, Calif.).

TABLE 3 IC₅₀ (nM) Cpd. No. MOLM13 MDA-MB-231 1 1.1 2.5 2 7.5 19.4 3 1.8 2.1 4 17.3 275.7 5 0.1 0.1 6 2.8 32.0 7 9.6 4.5 8 1.1 1.3 9 0.2 10 4.0 11 0.06 0.1 12 0.05 0.08 13 12.2 14 20.7 15 0.06/0.01 1.4/0.4 16 0.4/0.2 1.5/0.9 17 1.8 39.0 18 7.3 N.T. 19 7.3 N.T. 20 22.6 N.T. 21 N.T. N.T. 22 5.2 185.4 23 2.1 77.9 24 17.6 N.T. 25 2.4 7.3 26 N.T. 24.1 27 N.T. 23.3 28 0.2 2.0 29 0.3 9.8 30 0.6 147.6 31 1.3 9.1/5.6 32 0.6 25.8 33 1.6 35.6 34 0.7 8.4 35 4.9 N.T. 36 4.6 N.T. 37 9.1 N.T. 38 22.0 >100 39 N.T. >100 40 N.T. 24.3 41 3.8 1.2 42 5.5 4.9 43 >100 >100 44 4.3 >100

Example 16

The pharmacokinetics of Cpd. No. 15 in RS4;11 tumor-bearing mice show it is converted to Cpd. No. 52 in plasma and tumor tissue. See Tables 4 and 5 and Scheme 2. BLOQ=below limit of detection; nd=not determined

TABLE 4 IV (10 mg/kg) Cpd. No. 15 Cpd. No. 15 Concentration in tumor (ng/g) Concentration in plasma (ng/mL) Time Mouse 1 Mouse 2 Mouse 1 Mouse 2 points (h) 1 2 Mean SD R L R L Mean SD 1 BLOQ BLOQ nd nd BLOQ BLOQ BLOQ BLOQ nd nd 3 BLOQ BLOQ nd nd BLOQ BLOQ BLOQ BLOQ nd nd

TABLE 5 IV (10 mg/kg) Cpd. No. 52 Cpd. No. 52 Concentration in tumor (ng/g) Concentration in plasma (ng/mL) Time Mouse 1 Mouse 2 Mouse 1 Mouse 2 points (h) 1 2 Mean SD R L R L Mean SD 1 3970 2070 3020 1343 289.5 241 276.5 260 267 21 3 552 428 490 88 76 34.9 68.5 52.5 58 18

Example 17

The pharmacodynamic effect of Cpd. No. 15 and Cpd. No. 16 in RS4;11 tumor-bearing mice show these Compounds of the Disclosure induce BET protein degradation in tumor tissue following intravenous dosing at 10 mg/kg. See FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

It is to be understood that the foregoing embodiments and exemplifications are not intended to be limiting in any respect to the scope of the disclosure, and that the claims presented herein are intended to encompass all embodiments and exemplifications whether or not explicitly presented herein.

All patents and publications cited herein are fully incorporated by reference in their entirety. 

1. A compound having Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein: R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; R^(2a) and R^(2b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, —CH₂C(═O)OR¹⁸, and —CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b); or R^(2a) and R^(2b) together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl;

is a single bond, R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; and Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and —NR¹⁰—; or

is a double bond, R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl; R^(3b) is absent; and Y is —N═; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₄ alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₄ alkynyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, —NR^(6a)R^(6b), —OR⁷, —SR^(8a), —S(═O)R^(8b), —S(═O)₂R^(8c), —C(═O)R⁹, (heteroaryl)alkyl, and alkoxyalkyl; R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, and carboxamido; or R^(6a) and R^(6b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 4- to 8-membered heterocyclo; R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, and carboxamido; R^(8a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl; R^(8b) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl; R^(8c) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and amino; R⁹ selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, alkoxy, and amino; R¹⁰ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, (C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl)C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, (alkoxycarbonyl)alkyl, —C(═O)R¹¹, —SO₂R¹², —C(═O)—OR¹³, and —C(═O)—NR^(14a)R^(14b); R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl; R¹² is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl; R¹³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl; R^(14a) and R^(14b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl; or R^(14a) and R^(14b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 4- to 8-membered heterocyclo;

is a fused thienyl or fused phenyl group, wherein the fused phenyl group is additionally substituted with R¹⁵; R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, and alkoxy; B is selected from the group consisting of:

L is -L¹-E-L²-X—, wherein L¹ is attached to W; L¹ is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl and heteroalkylenyl; E is —C(═O)—O—; L² is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl and heteroalkylenyl; or L² is absent; W is selected from the group consisting of phenylenyl, 5-membered heteroarylenyl, 6-membered heteroarylenyl, heterocyclenyl, and cycloalkylenyl; X is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(R^(2c))—, —C(═O)N(R^(2d))—, —N(R^(2e))C(═O)CH₂O, —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2g))—, and

or X is absent; wherein the carboxamide nitrogen atom of —N(R^(2e))C(═O)CH₂O— and —N(R^(2f))C(═O)CH₂N(R^(2g))—, the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R^(2d))—, and the piperidine nitrogen atom of

is attached to L²; with the proviso that when L² is absent, X is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, and —O—; R^(2c), R^(2d), R^(2e), R^(2f), and R^(2g) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl; Z is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂ and —C(═O)—; R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and fluoro; A¹ is selected from the group consisting of —C(R^(16a))═ and —N═; A² is selected from the group consisting of —C(R^(16b))═ and —N═; A³ is selected from the group consisting of —C(R¹⁶)═ and —N═; R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C₁₋₄ alkyl; R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C₁₋₄ alkyl; R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C₁₋₄ alkyl; R¹⁸ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₆ alkyl; and R^(19a) and R^(19b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and optionally substituted aryl; or R^(19a) and R^(19b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo.
 2. The compound of claim 1 having Formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof.
 3. The compound of claim 2 having Formula III:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof.
 4. (canceled)
 5. (canceled)
 6. The compound of claim 3 having Formula VI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof.
 7. The compound of claim 6 having Formula VII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 8-14. (canceled)
 15. The compound of claim 2 having Formula XI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof.
 16. (canceled)
 17. (canceled)
 18. The compound of claim 15 having Formula XIV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 19-26. (canceled)
 27. The compound of claim 6 having Formula XV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein R^(17a) and R^(17b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and halo. 28-30. (canceled)
 31. The compound of claim 18 having Formula XIX:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein: R^(2a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkyl and CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b); R^(17c) and R^(17d) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and halo; and R^(19a) and R^(19b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered optionally substituted heterocyclo.
 32. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein L¹ is alkylenyl.
 33. (canceled)
 34. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein L² is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl and heteroalkylenyl. 35-37. (canceled)
 38. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of —C≡C—, —CH₂—, —O—, —N(H)—,

39-44. (canceled)
 45. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein B is B-1.
 46. The compound of claim 45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein: A¹ is —C(R^(16a))═ and R^(16a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo; A² is —C(R^(16b))═ and R^(16b) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo; A³ is —C(R^(16c))═ and R^(16c) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halo; Z is —CH₂—; and R⁵ is hydrogen. 47-54. (canceled)
 55. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, selected from the group consisting of: 3-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 2-(3-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate, 3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate, 3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate, 2-(2-(2-(3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate, 3-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 3-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)propyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 2-(2-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate, 2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,6,9-trimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate, 2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 2-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 2-(2-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-(((S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)but-3-yn-1-yl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 3-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl 3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)propanoate; 3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 3-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl 5-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)pentanoate, 3-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl 4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)butanoate; 3-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl 4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)but-3-ynoate; 2-(2-(2-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H, 6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; (3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)propoxy)methyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 3-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 3-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 2-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate, 2-(2-(2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)but-3-yn-1-yl 13-(3-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propanoate, 4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)butyl 3-(3-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propanoate, 3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)propyl 3-(3-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propanoate; 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl 5-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)pent-4-ynoate; 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl 5-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)pentanoate, 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl 5-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)pent-4-ynoate; 4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)butyl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate; 4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)butyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)propyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate, 3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)propyl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate; 3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)propyl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate; 3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate; 4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)but-3-yn-1-yl 2-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate; 3-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)prop-2-yn-1-yl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate; 2-(4-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)ethyl 4-(5-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)pyridin-2-yl)butanoate; 2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl 4-(5-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)pyridin-2-yl)butanoate; and 2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl 4-(4-((3-benzyl-9-methyl-4H,6H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,4]oxazepin-2-yl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanoate.
 56. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 57. A method of treating a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof, wherein the patient has cancer, a chronic autoimmune disorder, an inflammatory condition, a proliferative disorder, sepsis, or a viral infection. 58-76. (canceled)
 77. A kit comprising the compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof, and instructions for administering the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof, to a patient having cancer, a chronic autoimmune disorder, an inflammatory condition, a proliferative disorder, sepsis, or a viral infection. 78-81. (canceled)
 82. A compound having Formula XX:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein: R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; R^(2a) and R^(2b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, —CH₂C(═O)OR¹⁸, and —CH₂C(═O)NR^(19a)R^(19b); or R^(2a) and R^(2b) together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 3- to 6-membered cycloalkyl;

is a single bond, R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; and Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and —NR¹⁰—; or

is a double bond, R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄

aryl and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl; R^(3b) is absent; and Y is —N═; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₄ alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂₋₄ alkynyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, —NR^(6a)R^(6b), —OR⁷, —SR^(8a), —S(═O)R^(8b), —S(═O)₂R^(8c), —C(═O)R⁹, (heteroaryl)alkyl, and alkoxyalkyl; R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, and carboxamido; or R^(6a) and R^(6b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 4- to 8-membered heterocyclo; R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, and carboxamido; R^(8a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl; R^(8b) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl; R^(8c) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and amino; R⁹ selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, alkoxy, and amino; R¹⁰ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, (C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl)C₁₋₄ alkyl, aralkyl, (alkoxycarbonyl)alkyl, —C(═O)R¹¹, —SO₂R¹², —C(═O)—OR¹³, and —C(═O)—NR^(14a)R^(14b); R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl; R¹² is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl; R¹³ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl; R^(14a) and R^(14b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆₋₁₄ aryl, optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and aralkyl; or R^(14a) and R^(14b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 4- to 8-membered heterocyclo;

is a fused thienyl or fused phenyl group, wherein the fused phenyl group is additionally substituted with R¹⁵; R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, and alkoxy; L¹ is selected from the group consisting of alkylenyl and heteroalkylenyl; W is selected from the group consisting of phenylenyl, 5-membered heteroarylenyl, 6-membered heteroarylenyl, heterocyclenyl, and cycloalkylenyl; and R²⁰ is selected from the group consisting of —OH and —CO₂R²¹; and R²¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₄ alkyl.
 83. (canceled)
 84. (canceled)
 85. A method of making a compound of claim 1 having Formula I, wherein L is -L¹-C(═O)—O-L²-X—, the method comprising: reacting a compound having Formula XX:

wherein R²⁰ is —CO₂H, with a compound having Formula XXXIX: HO-L²-X-B  XXXIX; or reacting a compound having Formula XX:

wherein R²⁰ is —OH, with a compound having Formula XL: HO₂C-L²-X-B  XL, and isolating the compound having Formula I.
 86. (canceled) 